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Gram-negative bacterial infections

MedGen UID:
88406
•Concept ID:
C0085423
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Bacterial Infection, Gram-Negative; Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative; Gram Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Infection, Gram-Negative Bacterial; Infections, Gram-Negative Bacterial
SNOMED CT: Disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria (371583007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021678

Definition

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGram-negative bacterial infections

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Efficacy and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Chen Y, Huang HB, Peng JM, Weng L, Du B
Microbiol Spectr 2022 Apr 27;10(2):e0260321. Epub 2022 Apr 4 doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02603-21. PMID: 35377233Free PMC Article
Treatment Options for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections.
Doi Y
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Nov 13;69(Suppl 7):S565-S575. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz830. PMID: 31724043Free PMC Article
Ceftazidime-Avibactam: A Review in the Treatment of Serious Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.
Shirley M
Drugs 2018 Apr;78(6):675-692. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0902-x. PMID: 29671219

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gram-Negative Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.
Jabbour JF, Kanj SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021 Mar;35(1):157-167. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.008. PMID: 33303333
Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections globally.
Brink AJ
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2019 Dec;32(6):609-616. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000608. PMID: 31567571
Capnocytophaga canimorsus – an underestimated danger after dog or cat bite – review of literature.
Zajkowska J, Król M, Falkowski D, Syed N, Kamieńska A
Przegl Epidemiol 2016;70(2):289-295. PMID: 27837588
Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention.
Owens CD, Stoessel K
J Hosp Infect 2008 Nov;70 Suppl 2:3-10. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(08)60017-1. PMID: 19022115
Capnocytophaga canimorsus endocarditis.
Sandoe JAT
J Med Microbiol 2004 Mar;53(Pt 3):245-248. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.05274-0. PMID: 14970251

Diagnosis

Epidemiology and Diagnostics of Carbapenem Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteria.
Nordmann P, Poirel L
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Nov 13;69(Suppl 7):S521-S528. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz824. PMID: 31724045Free PMC Article
Brain Abscess.
Weinberg GA
Pediatr Rev 2018 May;39(5):270-272. doi: 10.1542/pir.2017-0147. PMID: 29716975
Management of Pediatric Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia.
Messinger AI, Kupfer O, Hurst A, Parker S
Pediatr Rev 2017 Sep;38(9):394-409. doi: 10.1542/pir.2016-0183. PMID: 28864731
Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited.
Janda JM, Abbott SL, McIver CJ
Clin Microbiol Rev 2016 Apr;29(2):349-74. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00103-15. PMID: 26960939Free PMC Article
Mycoplasma pneumoniae ecephalitis.
Bitnun A, Ford-Jones E, Blaser S, Richardson S
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2003 Apr;14(2):96-107. doi: 10.1053/spid.2003.127226. PMID: 12881797

Therapy

Effect of Cefepime/Enmetazobactam vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam on Clinical Cure and Microbiological Eradication in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Kaye KS, Belley A, Barth P, Lahlou O, Knechtle P, Motta P, Velicitat P
JAMA 2022 Oct 4;328(13):1304-1314. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.17034. PMID: 36194218Free PMC Article
Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase 3 trial.
Bassetti M, Echols R, Matsunaga Y, Ariyasu M, Doi Y, Ferrer R, Lodise TP, Naas T, Niki Y, Paterson DL, Portsmouth S, Torre-Cisneros J, Toyoizumi K, Wunderink RG, Nagata TD
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):226-240. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30796-9. PMID: 33058795
Treatment Options for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections.
Doi Y
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Nov 13;69(Suppl 7):S565-S575. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz830. PMID: 31724043Free PMC Article
Seven Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.
Yahav D, Franceschini E, Koppel F, Turjeman A, Babich T, Bitterman R, Neuberger A, Ghanem-Zoubi N, Santoro A, Eliakim-Raz N, Pertzov B, Steinmetz T, Stern A, Dickstein Y, Maroun E, Zayyad H, Bishara J, Alon D, Edel Y, Goldberg E, Venturelli C, Mussini C, Leibovici L, Paul M; Bacteremia Duration Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Sep 13;69(7):1091-1098. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy1054. PMID: 30535100
Bacteriophage Therapy: Clinical Trials and Regulatory Hurdles.
Furfaro LL, Payne MS, Chang BJ
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018;8:376. Epub 2018 Oct 23 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00376. PMID: 30406049Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Donor-derived carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Active surveillance enhances recipient safety.
Mularoni A, Cona A, Campanella M, Barbera F, Medaglia AA, Cervo A, Cuscino N, Di Mento G, Graziano E, El Jalbout JD, Alduino R, Tuzzolino F, Monaco F, Cascio A, Peghin M, Gruttadauria S, Bertani A, Conaldi PG, Mikulska M, Grossi PA
Am J Transplant 2024 Jun;24(6):1046-1056. Epub 2024 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.02.005. PMID: 38342183
Incidence of infection with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in carriers: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Willems RPJ, van Dijk K, Vehreschild MJGT, Biehl LM, Ket JCF, Remmelzwaal S, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE
Lancet Infect Dis 2023 Jun;23(6):719-731. Epub 2023 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00811-8. PMID: 36731484
Gram-Negative Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.
Jabbour JF, Kanj SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021 Mar;35(1):157-167. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.008. PMID: 33303333
Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention.
Owens CD, Stoessel K
J Hosp Infect 2008 Nov;70 Suppl 2:3-10. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(08)60017-1. PMID: 19022115
Gram-negative bacteremia.
Schimpff SC
Support Care Cancer 1993 Jan;1(1):5-18. doi: 10.1007/BF00326634. PMID: 8143100

Clinical prediction guides

Preventing New Gram-negative Resistance Through Beta-lactam De-escalation in Hospitalized Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Teshome BF, Park T, Arackal J, Hampton N, Kollef MH, Micek ST
Clin Infect Dis 2024 Oct 15;79(4):826-833. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae253. PMID: 38842541
Oral Antibiotics for Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Propensity Score Weighted Retrospective Observational Study.
Nussbaum EZ, Koo S, Kotton CN
Clin Infect Dis 2024 Jul 19;79(1):208-214. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae007. PMID: 38195100
Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance.
Mitchell E, Pearce MS, Roberts A
Br Med Bull 2019 Dec 11;132(1):5-15. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldz033. PMID: 31815280
Gram-negative infections in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units of Latin America.
Berezin EN, Solórzano F; Latin America Working Group on Bacterial Resistance
J Infect Dev Ctries 2014 Aug 13;8(8):942-53. doi: 10.3855/jidc.4590. PMID: 25116658
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: are you ready for the challenge?
Curcio D
Curr Clin Pharmacol 2014 Feb;9(1):27-38. doi: 10.2174/15748847113089990062. PMID: 23489027

Recent systematic reviews

ESCMID/EUCIC clinical practice guidelines on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients colonized by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria before surgery.
Righi E, Mutters NT, Guirao X, Del Toro MD, Eckmann C, Friedrich AW, Giannella M, Kluytmans J, Presterl E, Christaki E, Cross ELA, Visentin A, Sganga G, Tsioutis C, Tacconelli E
Clin Microbiol Infect 2023 Apr;29(4):463-479. Epub 2022 Dec 22 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.12.012. PMID: 36566836
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by European society of intensive care medicine).
Paul M, Carrara E, Retamar P, Tängdén T, Bitterman R, Bonomo RA, de Waele J, Daikos GL, Akova M, Harbarth S, Pulcini C, Garnacho-Montero J, Seme K, Tumbarello M, Lindemann PC, Gandra S, Yu Y, Bassetti M, Mouton JW, Tacconelli E, Rodríguez-Baño J
Clin Microbiol Infect 2022 Apr;28(4):521-547. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.025. PMID: 34923128
Systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro efficacy of antibiotic combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
Scudeller L, Righi E, Chiamenti M, Bragantini D, Menchinelli G, Cattaneo P, Giske CG, Lodise T, Sanguinetti M, Piddock LJV, Franceschi F, Ellis S, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Tacconelli E
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021 May;57(5):106344. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106344. PMID: 33857539
ESCMID-EUCIC clinical guidelines on decolonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriers.
Tacconelli E, Mazzaferri F, de Smet AM, Bragantini D, Eggimann P, Huttner BD, Kuijper EJ, Lucet JC, Mutters NT, Sanguinetti M, Schwaber MJ, Souli M, Torre-Cisneros J, Price JR, Rodríguez-Baño J
Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Jul;25(7):807-817. Epub 2019 Jan 29 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.01.005. PMID: 30708122
ESCMID guidelines for the management of the infection control measures to reduce transmission of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients.
Tacconelli E, Cataldo MA, Dancer SJ, De Angelis G, Falcone M, Frank U, Kahlmeter G, Pan A, Petrosillo N, Rodríguez-Baño J, Singh N, Venditti M, Yokoe DS, Cookson B; European Society of Clinical Microbiology
Clin Microbiol Infect 2014 Jan;20 Suppl 1:1-55. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12427. PMID: 24329732

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