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gastroenteritis

MedGen UID:: 8967
•Concept ID:: C0017160
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Gastroenteritides; Gastroenteritis
SNOMED CT:	Gastroenteritis (25374005); Inflammation of stomach and intestine (25374005); GE - Gastroenteritis (25374005)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0002269

Definition

An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVgastroenteritis

Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
- Pathological process
  - Disease
    - Disorder by Site
      - Disorder of gastrointestinal tract
        gastroenteritis
        Appendicitis
        Acute perforated appendicitis
        Bacterial gastroenteritis
        Enteric campylobacteriosis
        Staphylococcal enterocolitis
        Cholera Morbus
        Colitis
        Acute colitis
        Aggravated Colitis
        Antibiotic enterocolitis
        Chronic Active Colitis
        Chronic colitis
        Ulcerative colitis
        Colitis due to radiation
        Crohn disease of large bowel
        Enterocolitis
        Infectious Enterocolitis
        Necrotizing enterocolitis
        Neutropaenic enterocolitis
        Perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis
        Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis
        Focal active colitis
        Infectious colitis
        Amebic dysentery
        Clostridium Colitis
        Cytomegalovirus colitis
        Ischemic colitis
        Microscopic colitis
        Collagenous colitis
        Eosinophilic colitis
        Lymphocytic colitis
        Pancolitis
        Proctocolitis
        Proctosigmoiditis
        Typhlitis
        Cryptococcal gastroenteritis
        Diverticular disease
        Diverticulitis
        Diverticulitis of colon
        Esophageal diverticulosis
        Gastric Diverticulitis
        Meckel diverticulitis
        Stomach diverticulosis
        Diverticulum
        Colonic Diverticulum
        Diverticulum of bladder
        Esophageal diverticulum
        Gastric diverticulum
        Meckel diverticulum
        Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses of the gallbladder
        Urethral diverticulum
        Zenker diverticulum
        Dysentery
        Bacillary dysentery
        Enteritis
        Crohn disease
        Small bowel Crohn disease
        Duodenitis
        Ileitis
        Necrotizing ileitis
        Pouchitis
        Radiation enteritis of intestine
        Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
        Eosinophilic ascites
        Eosinophilic gallbladder infiltration
        Eosinophilic gastritis
        Eosinophilic liver infiltration
        Esophagitis
        Acute esophagitis
        Bacterial esophagitis
        Chronic esophagitis
        Eosinophilic esophagitis
        Childhood eosinophilic esophagitis
        Esophagitis, eosinophilic, 1
        Esophagitis, eosinophilic, 2
        Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus
        Eosinophilic microabscess formation in the esophagus
        Fungal esophagitis
        Esophageal candidiasis
        Peptic esophagitis
        Viral esophagitis
        Esophagitis caused by Cytomegalovirus
        Herpes Esophagitis
        Gastritis
        Acute gastritis
        Alcoholic gastritis
        Atrophic gastritis
        Autoimmune Atrophic Chronic Gastritis
        Autoimmune gastritis
        Bacterial gastritis
        Helicobacter-associated gastritis
        Chronic gastritis
        Chronic superficial gastritis
        Collagenous gastritis
        Erosive Gastritis
        Fungal gastritis
        Gastric mucosal hypertrophy
        Gastritis Associated with Crohn Disease
        Granulomatous gastritis
        Hemorrhagic Gastritis
        Lymphocytic gastritis
        Necrotizing gastritis
        Reactive gastritis
        Viral gastritis
        Cytomegaloviral gastritis
        Herpetic gastritis
        Inflammatory bowel disease
        ALPI-related inflammatory bowel disease
        Cap polyposis
        Chronic granulomatous disease
        Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-negative
        Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 1
        Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 2
        Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 3
        Granulomatous disease, chronic, X-linked
        Cutaneous photosensitivity-lethal colitis syndrome
        IL21-related infantile inflammatory bowel disease
        Indeterminate colitis
        Inflammatory bowel disease 28
        Neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease
        Non-infective Inflammatory Bowel Disease
        Protein-losing enteropathy
        TRIM22-related inflammatory bowel disease
        Undetermined colitis
        X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to XIAP deficiency
        Mucositis
        Gastrointestinal mucositis
        Anal Mucositis
        Esophageal Mucositis
        Gastric Mucositis
        Large Intestinal Mucositis
        Small Intestinal Mucositis
        Stomatitis
        Laryngeal Mucositis
        Pharyngeal Mucositis
        Tracheal Mucositis
        Proctitis
        Viral gastroenteritis
        Cryptosporidial gastroenteritis
        Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis
        Enterovirus Gastroenteritis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Probiotics for the Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders: Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications.

Szajewska H, Berni Canani R, Domellöf M, Guarino A, Hojsak I, Indrio F, Lo Vecchio A, Mihatsch WA, Mosca A, Orel R, Salvatore S, Shamir R, van den Akker CHP, van Goudoever JB, Vandenplas Y, Weizman Z; ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023 Feb 1;76(2):232-247. Epub 2022 Oct 11 doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003633. PMID: 36219218

International Consensus Recommendations for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Nomenclature.

Dellon ES, Gonsalves N, Abonia JP, Alexander JA, Arva NC, Atkins D, Attwood SE, Auth MKH, Bailey DD, Biederman L, Blanchard C, Bonis PA, Bose P, Bredenoord AJ, Chang JW, Chehade M, Collins MH, Di Lorenzo C, Dias JA, Dohil R, Dupont C, Falk GW, Ferreira CT, Fox AT, Genta RM, Greuter T, Gupta SK, Hirano I, Hiremath GS, Horsley-Silva JL, Ishihara S, Ishimura N, Jensen ET, Gutiérrez-Junquera C, Katzka DA, Khoury P, Kinoshita Y, Kliewer KL, Koletzko S, Leung J, Liacouras CA, Lucendo AJ, Martin LJ, McGowan EC, Menard-Katcher C, Metz DC, Miller TL, Moawad FJ, Muir AB, Mukkada VA, Murch S, Nhu QM, Nomura I, Nurko S, Ohtsuka Y, Oliva S, Orel R, Papadopoulou A, Patel DA, Pesek RD, Peterson KA, Philpott H, Putnam PE, Richter JE, Rosen R, Ruffner MA, Safroneeva E, Schreiner P, Schoepfer A, Schroeder SR, Shah N, Souza RF, Spechler SJ, Spergel JM, Straumann A, Talley NJ, Thapar N, Vandenplas Y, Venkatesh RD, Vieira MC, von Arnim U, Walker MM, Wechsler JB, Wershil BK, Wright BL, Yamada Y, Yang GY, Zevit N, Rothenberg ME, Furuta GT, Aceves SS
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Nov;20(11):2474-2484.e3. Epub 2022 Feb 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.02.017. PMID: 35181570 Free PMC Article

Acute diarrhea: evidence-based management.

Brandt KG, Castro Antunes MM, Silva GA
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015 Nov-Dec;91(6 Suppl 1):S36-43. Epub 2015 Sep 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.06.002. PMID: 26351768

See all (799)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute Gastroenteritis in Children of the World: What Needs to Be Done?

Guarino A, Aguilar J, Berkley J, Broekaert I, Vazquez-Frias R, Holtz L, Lo Vecchio A, Meskini T, Moore S, Rivera Medina JF, Sandhu B, Smarrazzo A, Szajewska H, Treepongkaruna S
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020 May;70(5):694-701. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002669. PMID: 32079974 Free PMC Article

Capturing norovirus transmission.

de Graaf M, Villabruna N, Koopmans MP
Curr Opin Virol 2017 Feb;22:64-70. Epub 2017 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.008. PMID: 28056379

Rotavirus.

Esona MD, Gautam R
Clin Lab Med 2015 Jun;35(2):363-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.012. PMID: 26004648

Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA
Lancet Infect Dis 2014 Aug;14(8):725-730. Epub 2014 Jun 26 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4. PMID: 24981041 Free PMC Article

Foodborne illness.

Pigott DC
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2008 May;26(2):475-97, x. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2008.01.009. PMID: 18406984

See all (7466)

Diagnosis

Viral Acute Gastroenteritis in Special Populations.

Meier JL
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):305-322. Epub 2021 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.003. PMID: 34024443

Acute Bacterial Gastroenteritis.

Fleckenstein JM, Matthew Kuhlmann F, Sheikh A
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):283-304. Epub 2021 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.002. PMID: 34024442 Free PMC Article

Acute gastroenteritis: evidence-based management of pediatric patients.

Brady K
Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2018 Feb;15(2):1-24. Epub 2018 Feb 1 PMID: 29369591

Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics.

Zollner-Schwetz I, Krause R
Clin Microbiol Infect 2015 Aug;21(8):744-9. Epub 2015 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002. PMID: 25769427

Acute gastroenteritis.

Graves NS
Prim Care 2013 Sep;40(3):727-41. Epub 2013 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.05.006. PMID: 23958366 Free PMC Article

See all (5796)

Therapy

Norovirus: An Overview of Virology and Preventative Measures.

Winder N, Gohar S, Muthana M
Viruses 2022 Dec 16;14(12) doi: 10.3390/v14122811. PMID: 36560815 Free PMC Article

Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Li Q, Zhou Q, Florez ID, Mathew JL, Shang L, Zhang G, Tian X, Fu Z, Liu E, Luo Z, Chen Y
JAMA Pediatr 2022 Dec 1;176(12):1199-1207. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4123. PMID: 36374480 Free PMC Article

Approaches and Challenges to Management of Pediatric and Adult Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Hirano I, Furuta GT
Gastroenterology 2020 Mar;158(4):840-851. Epub 2019 Dec 10 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.052. PMID: 31836530 Free PMC Article

The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics.

Suez J, Zmora N, Segal E, Elinav E
Nat Med 2019 May;25(5):716-729. Epub 2019 May 6 doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0439-x. PMID: 31061539

Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug.

Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, Juurlink DN, Nguyen P, Dubnov-Raz G, Pollak U, Koren G, Bentur Y
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010 Jun;48(5):407-14. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.495348. PMID: 20586571

See all (4239)

Prognosis

Environmental indicators for human norovirus outbreaks.

Shamkhali Chenar S, Deng Z
Int J Environ Health Res 2017 Feb;27(1):40-51. Epub 2016 Nov 23 doi: 10.1080/09603123.2016.1257705. PMID: 27876423

Mucosal Immunity and acute viral gastroenteritis.

Rose MA
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10(7):2112-4. doi: 10.4161/hv.29605. PMID: 25424826 Free PMC Article

Gastroenteritis in children.

Dalby-Payne JR, Elliott EJ
BMJ Clin Evid 2011 Jul 26;2011 PMID: 21791124 Free PMC Article

Gastroenteritis in children.

Dalby-Payne JR, Elliott EJ
BMJ Clin Evid 2009 Sep 23;2009 PMID: 21726481 Free PMC Article

Astrovirus gastroenteritis.

Mitchell DK
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002 Nov;21(11):1067-9. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200211000-00018. PMID: 12442031

See all (2920)

Clinical prediction guides

Acute Gastroenteritis in Children of the World: What Needs to Be Done?

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG versus Placebo for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children.

Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Casper TC, Gorelick MH, Dean JM, O'Connell KJ, Mahajan P, Levine AC, Bhatt SR, Roskind CG, Powell EC, Rogers AJ, Vance C, Sapien RE, Olsen CS, Metheney M, Dickey VP, Hall-Moore C, Freedman SB
N Engl J Med 2018 Nov 22;379(21):2002-2014. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802598. PMID: 30462938 Free PMC Article

European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: update 2014.

Guarino A, Ashkenazi S, Gendrel D, Lo Vecchio A, Shamir R, Szajewska H; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014 Jul;59(1):132-52. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000375. PMID: 24739189

Gastroenteritis in children.

Dalby-Payne JR, Elliott EJ
BMJ Clin Evid 2011 Jul 26;2011 PMID: 21791124 Free PMC Article

Rotavirus overview.

Bernstein DI
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Mar;28(3 Suppl):S50-3. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181967bee. PMID: 19252423

See all (3593)

Recent systematic reviews

Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Antiemetics in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis: A Meta-analysis.

Niño-Serna LF, Acosta-Reyes J, Veroniki AA, Florez ID
Pediatrics 2020 Apr;145(4) Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3260. PMID: 32132152

SGLT-2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Puckrin R, Saltiel MP, Reynier P, Azoulay L, Yu OHY, Filion KB
Acta Diabetol 2018 May;55(5):503-514. Epub 2018 Feb 27 doi: 10.1007/s00592-018-1116-0. PMID: 29484489

Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug.

Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, Juurlink DN, Nguyen P, Dubnov-Raz G, Pollak U, Koren G, Bentur Y
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010 Jun;48(5):407-14. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.495348. PMID: 20586571

See all (251)

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gastroenteritis

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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