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Rectal carcinoma

MedGen UID:
40100
•Concept ID:
C0007113
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Cancer of Rectum; Cancer of the Rectum; Cancer, Rectal; Cancer, Rectum; Rectal Cancer; Rectal Cancers; Rectum Cancer; Rectum Cancers
SNOMED CT: Rectal cancer (363351006); CA - Cancer of rectum (363351006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0044937

Definition

A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Squamous rectal carcinoma: a rare malignancy, literature review and management recommendations.
Astaras C, Bornand A, Koessler T
ESMO Open 2021 Aug;6(4):100180. Epub 2021 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100180. PMID: 34111760Free PMC Article
Management and imaging of low rectal carcinoma.
Salerno G, Daniels I, Heald RJ, Brown G, Moran BJ
Surg Oncol 2004 Aug-Nov;13(2-3):55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2004.09.013. PMID: 15572087
Conservative treatment for low rectal carcinoma by local excision with or without radiotherapy.
Rouanet P, Saint Aubert B, Fabre JM, Astre C, Liu JZ, Dubois JB, Joyeux H, Solassol C, Pujol H
Br J Surg 1993 Nov;80(11):1452-6. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800801134. PMID: 8252363

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Factors influencing downstaging after neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy in rectal carcinoma.
Kohl VKB, Weber K, Brunner M, Geppert CI, Fietkau R, Grützmann R, Semrau S, Merkel S
Int J Colorectal Dis 2022 Jun;37(6):1355-1365. Epub 2022 May 11 doi: 10.1007/s00384-022-04174-y. PMID: 35545701Free PMC Article
“Watch and wait“ strategy in the treatment of patients with rectal carcinoma.
Ihnát P
Rozhl Chir 2021 Winter;100(11):517-521. doi: 10.33699/PIS.2021.100.11.517-521. PMID: 35021844
Prognostic subdivision of pT2 rectal carcinomas.
Merkel S, Weber K, Brunner M, Baecker J, Agaimy A, Göhl J, Hohenberger W, Schellerer V, Grützmann R
Int J Colorectal Dis 2019 Mar;34(3):409-415. Epub 2018 Dec 4 doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-3216-2. PMID: 30515557
Pathologic examination and staging of rectal carcinoma: a critical review.
Greco P, Magro G
Pathologica 2010 Feb;102(1):12-27. PMID: 20731249
Modern therapy of rectal carcinoma.
Matthaei H, Bölke E, Schmelzle M, Budach W, Orth K, Engers R, Cohnen M, Matuschek C, Gripp S, Knoefel WT, Peiper M
Eur J Med Res 2008 Apr 30;13(4):139-46. PMID: 18504168

Diagnosis

Prognostic subdivision of pT2 rectal carcinomas.
Merkel S, Weber K, Brunner M, Baecker J, Agaimy A, Göhl J, Hohenberger W, Schellerer V, Grützmann R
Int J Colorectal Dis 2019 Mar;34(3):409-415. Epub 2018 Dec 4 doi: 10.1007/s00384-018-3216-2. PMID: 30515557
Rectal cancer and the pathologist.
Berho M, Bejarano PA
Minerva Chir 2018 Dec;73(6):534-547. Epub 2018 Apr 13 doi: 10.23736/S0026-4733.18.07739-8. PMID: 29658680
Pathologic Assessment of Rectal Carcinoma after Neoadjuvant Radio(chemo)therapy: Prognostic Implications.
Hav M, Libbrecht L, Ferdinande L, Geboes K, Pattyn P, Cuvelier CA
Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:574540. Epub 2015 Oct 5 doi: 10.1155/2015/574540. PMID: 26509160Free PMC Article
Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma.
Heriot AG, Grundy A, Kumar D
Br J Surg 1999 Jan;86(1):17-28. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.00996.x. PMID: 10027354
Colon and rectal carcinoma.
Soybel DI, Bliss DP Jr, Wells SA Jr
Curr Probl Cancer 1987 Sep-Oct;11(5):257-356. PMID: 3319428

Therapy

Blood Perfusion Assessment by Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Minimally Invasive Rectal Cancer Surgery (EssentiAL trial): A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Watanabe J, Takemasa I, Kotake M, Noura S, Kimura K, Suwa H, Tei M, Takano Y, Munakata K, Matoba S, Yamagishi S, Yasui M, Kato T, Ishibe A, Shiozawa M, Ishii Y, Yabuno T, Nitta T, Saito S, Saigusa Y, Watanabe M; EssentiAL Trial Group
Ann Surg 2023 Oct 1;278(4):e688-e694. Epub 2023 May 23 doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005907. PMID: 37218517Free PMC Article
Squamous rectal carcinoma: a rare malignancy, literature review and management recommendations.
Astaras C, Bornand A, Koessler T
ESMO Open 2021 Aug;6(4):100180. Epub 2021 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100180. PMID: 34111760Free PMC Article
Rectal carcinoma: MRI with histologic correlation before and after chemoradiation therapy.
Allen SD, Padhani AR, Dzik-Jurasz AS, Glynne-Jones R
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007 Feb;188(2):442-51. doi: 10.2214/AJR.05.1967. PMID: 17242254
Induction therapy for rectal carcinoma.
Busse PM, Ng A, Recht A
Semin Surg Oncol 1998 Sep;15(2):120-5. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(199809)15:2<120::aid-ssu9>3.0.co;2-1. PMID: 9730418
Adjuvant therapy for resectable rectal and colonic cancer.
Heriot AG, Kumar D
Br J Surg 1998 Mar;85(3):300-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00703.x. PMID: 9529480

Prognosis

The Incidence and Prognosis Value of Perineural Invasion in Rectal Carcinoma: From Meta-Analyses and Real-World Clinical Pathological Features.
Chen T, Zheng B, Yang P, Zhang Z, Su Y, Chen Y, Luo L, Luo D, Lin Y, Xie R, Zeng L
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023 Oct;35(10):e611-e621. Epub 2023 May 19 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.05.008. PMID: 37263883
Factors influencing downstaging after neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy in rectal carcinoma.
Kohl VKB, Weber K, Brunner M, Geppert CI, Fietkau R, Grützmann R, Semrau S, Merkel S
Int J Colorectal Dis 2022 Jun;37(6):1355-1365. Epub 2022 May 11 doi: 10.1007/s00384-022-04174-y. PMID: 35545701Free PMC Article
Survival and prognostic factors in patients with rectal squamous cell carcinoma.
Kommalapati A, Tella SH, Yadav S, Goyal G, Hallemeier C, Durgin L, Jin Z, Mahipal A
Eur J Surg Oncol 2020 Jun;46(6):1111-1117. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.02.039. PMID: 32201124
HIF-1α expression correlates with cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis and clinical prognosis in rectal carcinoma.
Feng L, Tao L, Dawei H, Xuliang L, Xiaodong L
Pathol Oncol Res 2014 Jul;20(3):603-10. Epub 2013 Dec 28 doi: 10.1007/s12253-013-9738-6. PMID: 24374863
Intraoperative radiation therapy.
Willett CG
Int J Clin Oncol 2001 Oct;6(5):209-14. doi: 10.1007/pl00012107. PMID: 11723741

Clinical prediction guides

Effects and duration of exercise-based prehabilitation in surgical therapy of colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Falz R, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Lässing J, Mehdorn M, Stelzner S, Busse M, Gockel I
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022 Sep;148(9):2187-2213. Epub 2022 Jun 13 doi: 10.1007/s00432-022-04088-w. PMID: 35695931Free PMC Article
Biomarkers in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Review.
Mendis S, To YH, Tie J
Clin Colorectal Cancer 2022 Mar;21(1):36-44. Epub 2021 Nov 20 doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.11.002. PMID: 34961731
Survival and prognostic factors in patients with rectal squamous cell carcinoma.
Kommalapati A, Tella SH, Yadav S, Goyal G, Hallemeier C, Durgin L, Jin Z, Mahipal A
Eur J Surg Oncol 2020 Jun;46(6):1111-1117. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.02.039. PMID: 32201124
Rectal cancer and the pathologist.
Berho M, Bejarano PA
Minerva Chir 2018 Dec;73(6):534-547. Epub 2018 Apr 13 doi: 10.23736/S0026-4733.18.07739-8. PMID: 29658680
Pathologic examination and staging of rectal carcinoma: a critical review.
Greco P, Magro G
Pathologica 2010 Feb;102(1):12-27. PMID: 20731249

Recent systematic reviews

Effects and duration of exercise-based prehabilitation in surgical therapy of colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Falz R, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Lässing J, Mehdorn M, Stelzner S, Busse M, Gockel I
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022 Sep;148(9):2187-2213. Epub 2022 Jun 13 doi: 10.1007/s00432-022-04088-w. PMID: 35695931Free PMC Article
Pre-treatment carcinoembryonic antigen and outcome of patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemo-radiation and surgical resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Colloca G, Venturino A, Vitucci P
Med Oncol 2017 Sep 7;34(10):177. doi: 10.1007/s12032-017-1037-8. PMID: 28884291
Incidence and mortality of anastomotic dehiscence requiring reoperation after rectal carcinoma resection.
Cong ZJ, Hu LH, Xing JJ, Bian ZQ, Fu CG, Yu ED, Li ZS, Zhong M
Int Surg 2014 Mar-Apr;99(2):112-9. doi: 10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00059. PMID: 24670019Free PMC Article
Robotic assistance may reduce conversion to open in rectal carcinoma laparoscopic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ortiz-Oshiro E, Sánchez-Egido I, Moreno-Sierra J, Pérez CF, Díaz JS, Fernández-Represa JÁ
Int J Med Robot 2012 Sep;8(3):360-70. Epub 2012 Mar 22 doi: 10.1002/rcs.1426. PMID: 22438060
Pre-operative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localized rectal carcinoma.
Wong RK, Tandan V, De Silva S, Figueredo A
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD002102. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002102.pub2. PMID: 17443515

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