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Malignant tumor of rectum

MedGen UID:
181763
•Concept ID:
C0949022
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Rectal cancer
SNOMED CT: Malignant tumor of rectum (363351006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006519

Definition

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Rectal cancer lexicon 2023 revised and updated consensus statement from the Society of Abdominal Radiology Colorectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel.
Lee S, Kassam Z, Baheti AD, Hope TA, Chang KJ, Korngold EK, Taggart MW, Horvat N
Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023 Sep;48(9):2792-2806. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1007/s00261-023-03893-2. PMID: 37145311Free PMC Article
The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Colon Cancer.
Vogel JD, Felder SI, Bhama AR, Hawkins AT, Langenfeld SJ, Shaffer VO, Thorsen AJ, Weiser MR, Chang GJ, Lightner AL, Feingold DL, Paquette IM
Dis Colon Rectum 2022 Feb 1;65(2):148-177. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002323. PMID: 34775402
MRI of Rectal Cancer: Tumor Staging, Imaging Techniques, and Management.
Horvat N, Carlos Tavares Rocha C, Clemente Oliveira B, Petkovska I, Gollub MJ
Radiographics 2019 Mar-Apr;39(2):367-387. Epub 2019 Feb 15 doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180114. PMID: 30768361Free PMC Article

Curated

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®), Rectal Cancer, 2024

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Development and Validation of a Post-Radiotherapy Prediction Model for Bowel Dysfunction After Rectal Cancer Resection.
Qin Q, Huang B, Wu A, Gao J, Liu X, Cao W, Ma T, Kuang Y, Guo J, Wu Q, Shao B, Guan Q, Yao H, Zhang X, Wang H; Chinese Radiation Intestinal Injury Research Group
Gastroenterology 2023 Dec;165(6):1430-1442.e14. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.022. PMID: 37625498
Rectal MRI Interpretation After Neoadjuvant Therapy.
Horvat N, El Homsi M, Miranda J, Mazaheri Y, Gollub MJ, Paroder V
J Magn Reson Imaging 2023 Feb;57(2):353-369. Epub 2022 Sep 8 doi: 10.1002/jmri.28426. PMID: 36073323Free PMC Article
The importance of MRI for rectal cancer evaluation.
Fernandes MC, Gollub MJ, Brown G
Surg Oncol 2022 Aug;43:101739. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101739. PMID: 35339339Free PMC Article
Management of the adenocarcinoma of the upper rectum: a reappraisal.
Pechlivanides G, Gourtsoyianni S, Gouvas N, Sougklakos J, Xynos E
Updates Surg 2021 Apr;73(2):513-526. Epub 2020 Oct 27 doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00903-6. PMID: 33108641
The Intestinal Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer.
Tilg H, Adolph TE, Gerner RR, Moschen AR
Cancer Cell 2018 Jun 11;33(6):954-964. Epub 2018 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.004. PMID: 29657127

Diagnosis

Development and Validation of a Post-Radiotherapy Prediction Model for Bowel Dysfunction After Rectal Cancer Resection.
Qin Q, Huang B, Wu A, Gao J, Liu X, Cao W, Ma T, Kuang Y, Guo J, Wu Q, Shao B, Guan Q, Yao H, Zhang X, Wang H; Chinese Radiation Intestinal Injury Research Group
Gastroenterology 2023 Dec;165(6):1430-1442.e14. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.022. PMID: 37625498
Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum: Remove or not?
Sano W, Hirata D, Teramoto A, Iwatate M, Hattori S, Fujita M, Sano Y
World J Gastroenterol 2020 May 21;26(19):2276-2285. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2276. PMID: 32476792Free PMC Article
MRI of Rectal Cancer: Tumor Staging, Imaging Techniques, and Management.
Horvat N, Carlos Tavares Rocha C, Clemente Oliveira B, Petkovska I, Gollub MJ
Radiographics 2019 Mar-Apr;39(2):367-387. Epub 2019 Feb 15 doi: 10.1148/rg.2019180114. PMID: 30768361Free PMC Article
What influences preneoplastic colorectal lesion recurrence?
De Maio G, Zama E, Rengucci C, Calistri D
Oncotarget 2017 Feb 14;8(7):12406-12416. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13628. PMID: 27902488Free PMC Article
Retrorectal tumors.
Bullard Dunn K
Surg Clin North Am 2010 Feb;90(1):163-71, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2009.09.009. PMID: 20109640

Therapy

Risk and location of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after total neoadjuvant treatment or chemoradiotherapy in the RAPIDO trial.
Bahadoer RR, Hospers GAP, Marijnen CAM, Peeters KCMJ, Putter H, Dijkstra EA, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, van Etten B, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH; collaborative investigators
Eur J Cancer 2023 May;185:139-149. Epub 2023 Mar 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.02.027. PMID: 36996624
A Low rectal GIST.
Connelly TM, Clancy C, Hu S, Steele SR, Kessler H
BMJ Case Rep 2022 Mar 14;15(3) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-248505. PMID: 35288433Free PMC Article
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer management.
Feeney G, Sehgal R, Sheehan M, Hogan A, Regan M, Joyce M, Kerin M
World J Gastroenterol 2019 Sep 7;25(33):4850-4869. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4850. PMID: 31543678Free PMC Article
Long-course preoperative chemoradiation versus 5 × 5 Gy and consolidation chemotherapy for clinical T4 and fixed clinical T3 rectal cancer: long-term results of the randomized Polish II study.
Ciseł B, Pietrzak L, Michalski W, Wyrwicz L, Rutkowski A, Kosakowska E, Cencelewicz A, Spałek M, Polkowski W, Jankiewicz M, Styliński R, Bębenek M, Kapturkiewicz B, Maciejczyk A, Sadowski J, Zygulska J, Zegarski W, Jankowski M, Las-Jankowska M, Toczko Z, Żelazowska-Omiotek U, Kępka L, Socha J, Wasilewska-Tesluk E, Markiewicz W, Kładny J, Majewski A, Kapuściński W, Suwiński R, Bujko K; Polish Colorectal Study Group
Ann Oncol 2019 Aug 1;30(8):1298-1303. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz186. PMID: 31192355
Symptomatic hemorrhoids.
Gearhart SL
Adv Surg 2004;38:167-82. PMID: 15515618

Prognosis

The importance of MRI for rectal cancer evaluation.
Fernandes MC, Gollub MJ, Brown G
Surg Oncol 2022 Aug;43:101739. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101739. PMID: 35339339Free PMC Article
Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Liu Z, Meng X, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu J, Sun K, Meng Y, Dai W, Xie P, Ding Y, Wang M, Cai G, Tian J
Nat Commun 2020 Aug 27;11(1):4308. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18162-9. PMID: 32855399Free PMC Article
Imaging and Management of Rectal Cancer.
Arya S, Sen S, Engineer R, Saklani A, Pandey T
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2020 Apr;41(2):183-206. Epub 2020 Jan 24 doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2020.01.001. PMID: 32446431
Long-course preoperative chemoradiation versus 5 × 5 Gy and consolidation chemotherapy for clinical T4 and fixed clinical T3 rectal cancer: long-term results of the randomized Polish II study.
Ciseł B, Pietrzak L, Michalski W, Wyrwicz L, Rutkowski A, Kosakowska E, Cencelewicz A, Spałek M, Polkowski W, Jankiewicz M, Styliński R, Bębenek M, Kapturkiewicz B, Maciejczyk A, Sadowski J, Zygulska J, Zegarski W, Jankowski M, Las-Jankowska M, Toczko Z, Żelazowska-Omiotek U, Kępka L, Socha J, Wasilewska-Tesluk E, Markiewicz W, Kładny J, Majewski A, Kapuściński W, Suwiński R, Bujko K; Polish Colorectal Study Group
Ann Oncol 2019 Aug 1;30(8):1298-1303. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz186. PMID: 31192355
Primary rectal cancer local staging.
Hoeffel C, Mulé S, Laurent V, Bouché O, Volet J, Soyer P
Diagn Interv Imaging 2014 May;95(5):485-94. Epub 2014 Apr 2 doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.03.005. PMID: 24703376

Clinical prediction guides

Development and Validation of a Post-Radiotherapy Prediction Model for Bowel Dysfunction After Rectal Cancer Resection.
Qin Q, Huang B, Wu A, Gao J, Liu X, Cao W, Ma T, Kuang Y, Guo J, Wu Q, Shao B, Guan Q, Yao H, Zhang X, Wang H; Chinese Radiation Intestinal Injury Research Group
Gastroenterology 2023 Dec;165(6):1430-1442.e14. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.022. PMID: 37625498
The importance of MRI for rectal cancer evaluation.
Fernandes MC, Gollub MJ, Brown G
Surg Oncol 2022 Aug;43:101739. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101739. PMID: 35339339Free PMC Article
Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Liu Z, Meng X, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu J, Sun K, Meng Y, Dai W, Xie P, Ding Y, Wang M, Cai G, Tian J
Nat Commun 2020 Aug 27;11(1):4308. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18162-9. PMID: 32855399Free PMC Article
ESTRO ACROP consensus guideline on CT- and MRI-based target volume delineation for primary radiation therapy of localized prostate cancer.
Salembier C, Villeirs G, De Bari B, Hoskin P, Pieters BR, Van Vulpen M, Khoo V, Henry A, Bossi A, De Meerleer G, Fonteyne V
Radiother Oncol 2018 Apr;127(1):49-61. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.01.014. PMID: 29496279
What influences preneoplastic colorectal lesion recurrence?
De Maio G, Zama E, Rengucci C, Calistri D
Oncotarget 2017 Feb 14;8(7):12406-12416. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13628. PMID: 27902488Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies.
Garcia L, Pearce M, Abbas A, Mok A, Strain T, Ali S, Crippa A, Dempsey PC, Golubic R, Kelly P, Laird Y, McNamara E, Moore S, de Sa TH, Smith AD, Wijndaele K, Woodcock J, Brage S
Br J Sports Med 2023 Aug;57(15):979-989. Epub 2023 Feb 28 doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105669. PMID: 36854652Free PMC Article
Delta radiomics: a systematic review.
Nardone V, Reginelli A, Grassi R, Boldrini L, Vacca G, D'Ippolito E, Annunziata S, Farchione A, Belfiore MP, Desideri I, Cappabianca S
Radiol Med 2021 Dec;126(12):1571-1583. Epub 2021 Dec 4 doi: 10.1007/s11547-021-01436-7. PMID: 34865190
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) versus Standard Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Liu S, Jiang T, Xiao L, Yang S, Liu Q, Gao Y, Chen G, Xiao W
Oncologist 2021 Sep;26(9):e1555-e1566. Epub 2021 Jun 7 doi: 10.1002/onco.13824. PMID: 33987952Free PMC Article
Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hanna TP, King WD, Thibodeau S, Jalink M, Paulin GA, Harvey-Jones E, O'Sullivan DE, Booth CM, Sullivan R, Aggarwal A
BMJ 2020 Nov 4;371:m4087. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4087. PMID: 33148535Free PMC Article
Lifestyle Risk Factors for Serrated Colorectal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Bailie L, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG
Gastroenterology 2017 Jan;152(1):92-104. Epub 2016 Sep 14 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.003. PMID: 27639804

Supplemental Content

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    Clinical resources

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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NCCN, 2024
      NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®), Rectal Cancer, 2024

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