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Central Nervous System Melanoma

MedGen UID:
232334
•Concept ID:
C1332888
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: CNS Melanoma; Melanoma of Central Nervous System; Melanoma of CNS; Melanoma of the Central Nervous System; Melanoma of the CNS; Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma

Definition

A melanoma that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by pleomorphism, melanin pigmentation, a high mitotic rate, necrosis, and hemorrhage. It is a highly aggressive and radioresistant tumor. The prognosis is usually poor. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinicopathological features, current status, and progress of primary central nervous system melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
Guo P, Wei X, Guo Z, Wu D
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024 Mar;37(2):265-275. Epub 2023 Oct 27 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.13140. PMID: 37886794
Leptomeningeal disease in melanoma patients: An update to treatment, challenges, and future directions.
Glitza IC, Smalley KSM, Brastianos PK, Davies MA, McCutcheon I, Liu JKC, Ahmed KA, Arrington JA, Evernden BR, Smalley I, Eroglu Z, Khushalani N, Margolin K, Kluger H, Atkins MB, Tawbi H, Boire A, Forsyth P
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020 Jul;33(4):527-541. Epub 2020 Jan 19 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12861. PMID: 31916400Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A 13-Year-Old Girl Affected by Melanocytic Tumors of the Central Nervous System-The Case.
Nowosławska E, Zakrzewska M, Sikorska B, Zakrzewski J, Polis B
Int J Mol Sci 2024 Sep 5;25(17) doi: 10.3390/ijms25179628. PMID: 39273574Free PMC Article
Incidence, Outcomes and Predictors of Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma: A SEER-Based Study.
Man W, Wang G
World Neurosurg 2019 Sep;129:e782-e790. Epub 2019 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.030. PMID: 31203063
Neurocutaneous melanosis.
Islam MP
Handb Clin Neurol 2015;132:111-7. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62702-5.00007-X. PMID: 26564074
The risk of melanoma and neurocutaneous melanosis associated with congenital melanocytic nevi.
Shah KN
Semin Cutan Med Surg 2010 Sep;29(3):159-64. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2010.06.007. PMID: 21051009
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-formyl-6-arylimidazo(2,1-b)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-N-(dimethylaminomethi no) sulfonamides as antitumor agents.
Gadad AK, Karki SS, Rajurkar VG, Bhongade BA
Arzneimittelforschung 1999 Oct;49(10):858-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1300515. PMID: 10554665

Diagnosis

Clinicopathological features, current status, and progress of primary central nervous system melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
Guo P, Wei X, Guo Z, Wu D
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024 Mar;37(2):265-275. Epub 2023 Oct 27 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.13140. PMID: 37886794
Ultrastructural and clinical features of central nervous system melanoma:Analysis of nine cases.
Zhang Q, Zhu H, Zhang C, Wang Y, He Y, Li G
Ultrastruct Pathol 2021 Jan 2;45(1):79-89. Epub 2021 Feb 15 doi: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1874083. PMID: 33588681
Incidence, Outcomes and Predictors of Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma: A SEER-Based Study.
Man W, Wang G
World Neurosurg 2019 Sep;129:e782-e790. Epub 2019 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.030. PMID: 31203063
Pigmented Lesions of the Nervous System and the Neural Crest: Lessons From Embryology.
Agarwalla PK, Koch MJ, Mordes DA, Codd PJ, Coumans JV
Neurosurgery 2016 Jan;78(1):142-55. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001010. PMID: 26355366
Neurocutaneous melanosis.
Islam MP
Handb Clin Neurol 2015;132:111-7. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62702-5.00007-X. PMID: 26564074

Therapy

Extrinsic factors can mediate resistance to BRAF inhibition in central nervous system melanoma metastases.
Seifert H, Hirata E, Gore M, Khabra K, Messiou C, Larkin J, Sahai E
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016 Jan;29(1):92-100. Epub 2015 Nov 3 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12424. PMID: 26414886Free PMC Article
Leptomeningeal metastases from a primary central nervous system melanoma: a case report and literature review.
Pan Z, Yang G, Wang Y, Yuan T, Gao Y, Dong L
World J Surg Oncol 2014 Aug 20;12:265. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-265. PMID: 25142885Free PMC Article
P276-00, a novel cyclin-dependent inhibitor induces G1-G2 arrest, shows antitumor activity on cisplatin-resistant cells and significant in vivo efficacy in tumor models.
Joshi KS, Rathos MJ, Mahajan P, Wagh V, Shenoy S, Bhatia D, Chile S, Sivakumar M, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Sharma S
Mol Cancer Ther 2007 Mar;6(3):926-34. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0614. PMID: 17363487

Prognosis

Clinicopathological features, current status, and progress of primary central nervous system melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
Guo P, Wei X, Guo Z, Wu D
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024 Mar;37(2):265-275. Epub 2023 Oct 27 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.13140. PMID: 37886794
Ultrastructural and clinical features of central nervous system melanoma:Analysis of nine cases.
Zhang Q, Zhu H, Zhang C, Wang Y, He Y, Li G
Ultrastruct Pathol 2021 Jan 2;45(1):79-89. Epub 2021 Feb 15 doi: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1874083. PMID: 33588681
Incidence, Outcomes and Predictors of Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma: A SEER-Based Study.
Man W, Wang G
World Neurosurg 2019 Sep;129:e782-e790. Epub 2019 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.030. PMID: 31203063
Neurocutaneous melanosis.
Islam MP
Handb Clin Neurol 2015;132:111-7. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62702-5.00007-X. PMID: 26564074
Leptomeningeal metastases from a primary central nervous system melanoma: a case report and literature review.
Pan Z, Yang G, Wang Y, Yuan T, Gao Y, Dong L
World J Surg Oncol 2014 Aug 20;12:265. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-265. PMID: 25142885Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Genomic analysis reveals low tumor mutation burden which may be associated with GNAQ/11 alteration in a series of primary leptomeningeal melanomas.
Fortin Ensign S, Bollin K, Millis SZ, Hinds BR, Kosty M, Uchiyama C
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020 May;33(3):458-465. Epub 2019 Dec 18 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12839. PMID: 31663661
Incidence, Outcomes and Predictors of Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma: A SEER-Based Study.
Man W, Wang G
World Neurosurg 2019 Sep;129:e782-e790. Epub 2019 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.030. PMID: 31203063
Leptomeningeal metastases from a primary central nervous system melanoma: a case report and literature review.
Pan Z, Yang G, Wang Y, Yuan T, Gao Y, Dong L
World J Surg Oncol 2014 Aug 20;12:265. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-265. PMID: 25142885Free PMC Article
Primary melanoma of the cochlea with cerebellopontine extension and leptomeningeal spread.
Koshy AN, Briggs RJ, Dally M
J Laryngol Otol 2014 Jul;128 Suppl 2:S59-62. Epub 2014 Feb 19 doi: 10.1017/S002221511400019X. PMID: 24548700
P276-00, a novel cyclin-dependent inhibitor induces G1-G2 arrest, shows antitumor activity on cisplatin-resistant cells and significant in vivo efficacy in tumor models.
Joshi KS, Rathos MJ, Mahajan P, Wagh V, Shenoy S, Bhatia D, Chile S, Sivakumar M, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Sharma S
Mol Cancer Ther 2007 Mar;6(3):926-34. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0614. PMID: 17363487

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