U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome

MedGen UID:
393098
Concept ID:
C2674173
Congenital Abnormality
Synonyms: SADDAN dysplasia; Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans; Skeleton skin brain syndrome; SSB syndrome
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
Gene (location): FGFR3 (4p16.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014658
OMIM®: 616482
Orphanet: ORPHA85165

Definition

SADDAN dysplasia (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a very rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by the constellation of these features. Radiology reveals 'ram's horn' shaped clavicles and reverse bowing of lower limbs. Approximately half of patients die before the fourth week of life secondary to respiratory failure (summary by Zankl et al., 2008). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a rare disorder of bone growth characterized by skeletal, brain, and skin abnormalities.

All people with this condition have extremely short stature with particularly short arms and legs. Other features include unusual bowing of the leg bones; a small chest with short ribs and curved collar bones; short, broad fingers; and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs. Structural abnormalities of the brain cause seizures, profound developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Several affected individuals also have had episodes in which their breathing slows or stops for short periods (apnea). Acanthosis nigricans, a progressive skin disorder characterized by thick, dark, velvety skin, is another characteristic feature of SADDAN that develops in infancy or early childhood.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saddan

Clinical features

From HPO
Bowel incontinence
MedGen UID:
41977
Concept ID:
C0015732
Disease or Syndrome
Involuntary fecal soiling in adults and children who have usually already been toilet trained.
Urinary incontinence
MedGen UID:
22579
Concept ID:
C0042024
Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Uterine leiomyoma
MedGen UID:
21801
Concept ID:
C0042133
Neoplastic Process
Uterine leiomyoma (UL), commonly known as fibroids, are benign tumors of the uterine myometrium. They represent the most prevalent pelvic tumors in women and are found in more than 75% of women of reproductive age. Approximately 20 to 25% of women with UL exhibit symptoms including menorrhagia, infertility, pelvic pain, and a range of complications during pregnancy. UL are the leading cause for hysterectomy in the United States, accounting for 30% of all hysterectomies (summary by Eggert et al., 2012).
Irregular menstruation
MedGen UID:
56379
Concept ID:
C0156404
Finding
Abnormally high variation in the amount of time between periods.
Mesomelia
MedGen UID:
107808
Concept ID:
C0549306
Congenital Abnormality
Shortening of the middle parts of the limbs (forearm and lower leg) in relation to the upper and terminal segments.
Tibial bowing
MedGen UID:
332360
Concept ID:
C1837081
Finding
A bending or abnormal curvature of the tibia.
Rhizomelia
MedGen UID:
357122
Concept ID:
C1866730
Congenital Abnormality
Disproportionate shortening of the proximal segment of limbs (i.e. the femur and humerus).
Congestive heart failure
MedGen UID:
9169
Concept ID:
C0018802
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
MedGen UID:
425404
Concept ID:
C2973725
Disease or Syndrome
Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.
Severe short stature
MedGen UID:
3931
Concept ID:
C0013336
Disease or Syndrome
A severe degree of short stature, more than -4 SD from the mean corrected for age and sex.
Disproportionate short stature
MedGen UID:
168053
Concept ID:
C0878659
Finding
A kind of short stature in which different regions of the body are shortened to differing extents.
Gastroesophageal reflux
MedGen UID:
1368658
Concept ID:
C4317146
Finding
A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Hydrocephalus
MedGen UID:
9335
Concept ID:
C0020255
Disease or Syndrome
Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Intellectual disability, severe
MedGen UID:
48638
Concept ID:
C0036857
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.
Megalencephaly
MedGen UID:
65141
Concept ID:
C0221355
Congenital Abnormality
Diffuse enlargement of the entire cerebral hemispheres leading to macrocephaly (with or without overlying cortical dysplasia).
Focal impaired awareness seizure
MedGen UID:
543022
Concept ID:
C0270834
Disease or Syndrome
Focal impaired awareness seizure (or focal seizure with impaired or lost awareness) is a type of focal-onset seizure characterized by some degree (which may be partial) of impairment of the person's awareness of themselves or their surroundings at any point during the seizure.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Intellectual disability, profound
MedGen UID:
892508
Concept ID:
C3161330
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Kyphosis
MedGen UID:
44042
Concept ID:
C0022821
Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Frontal bossing
MedGen UID:
67453
Concept ID:
C0221354
Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.
Narrow chest
MedGen UID:
96528
Concept ID:
C0426790
Finding
Reduced width of the chest from side to side, associated with a reduced distance from the sternal notch to the tip of the shoulder.
Lumbar hyperlordosis
MedGen UID:
263149
Concept ID:
C1184923
Finding
An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.
Exostoses
MedGen UID:
257035
Concept ID:
C1442903
Disease or Syndrome
An exostosis is a benign growth the projects outward from the bone surface. It is capped by cartilage, and arises from a bone that develops from cartilage.
Platyspondyly
MedGen UID:
335010
Concept ID:
C1844704
Finding
A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.
Femoral bowing
MedGen UID:
347888
Concept ID:
C1859461
Finding
Bowing (abnormal curvature) of the femur.
Small foramen magnum
MedGen UID:
348813
Concept ID:
C1861217
Finding
An abnormal narrowing of the foramen magnum.
Wide anterior fontanel
MedGen UID:
400926
Concept ID:
C1866134
Finding
Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.
Macrocephaly
MedGen UID:
745757
Concept ID:
C2243051
Finding
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.
Respiratory distress
MedGen UID:
96907
Concept ID:
C0476273
Sign or Symptom
Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.
Respiratory failure
MedGen UID:
257837
Concept ID:
C1145670
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.
Central apnea
MedGen UID:
854403
Concept ID:
C3887548
Disease or Syndrome
Apnea resulting from depression of the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. There is a lack of respiratory effort rather than obstruction of airflow.
Brain abscess
MedGen UID:
2335
Concept ID:
C0006105
Disease or Syndrome
A collection of pus, immune cells, and other material in the brain.
Recurrent otitis media
MedGen UID:
155436
Concept ID:
C0747085
Disease or Syndrome
Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Midface retrusion
MedGen UID:
339938
Concept ID:
C1853242
Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Acanthosis nigricans
MedGen UID:
54
Concept ID:
C0000889
Disease or Syndrome
A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck.
Skin tags
MedGen UID:
11452
Concept ID:
C0037293
Neoplastic Process
Cutaneous skin tags also known as acrochorda or fibroepithelial polyps are small benign tumors that may either form secondarily over time primarily in areas where the skin forms creases, such as the neck, armpit or groin or may also be present at birth, in which case they usually occur in the periauricular region.
Redundant skin
MedGen UID:
154379
Concept ID:
C0581342
Pathologic Function
Loose and sagging skin often associated with loss of skin elasticity.
Palmoplantar cutis laxa
MedGen UID:
341602
Concept ID:
C1856714
Finding
Loose, wrinkled skin of hands and feet.
Breech presentation
MedGen UID:
654
Concept ID:
C0006157
Pathologic Function
A position of the fetus at delivery in which the fetus enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first.
Exotropia
MedGen UID:
4613
Concept ID:
C0015310
Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.
High myopia
MedGen UID:
78759
Concept ID:
C0271183
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of myopia with greater than -6.00 diopters.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSevere achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Vatier C, Vigouroux C, Mosbah H
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2024 Jun;85(3):190-194. Epub 2024 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.019. PMID: 38871502
Al-Kandari H, Al-Abdulrazzaq D, Al-Jaser F, Al-Mulla F, Davidsson L
Prim Care Diabetes 2021 Feb;15(1):175-177. Epub 2020 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.07.012. PMID: 32843252
Omar HA, Logsdon S, Richards J
ScientificWorldJournal 2004 Jul 8;4:507-11. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2004.106. PMID: 15258677Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Karadağ AS, You Y, Danarti R, Al-Khuzaei S, Chen W
Clin Dermatol 2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53. Epub 2017 Sep 8 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008. PMID: 29241752
Somani N, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF
Dermatol Ther 2008 Sep-Oct;21(5):376-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00219.x. PMID: 18844715
Vigouroux C, Capeau J
Novartis Found Symp 2005;264:166-77; discussion 177-82, 227-30. PMID: 15773753
Scheinfeld NS
Clin Dermatol 2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001. PMID: 15475230
Barbieri RL, Hornstein MD
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988 Dec;17(4):685-703. PMID: 3058472

Diagnosis

Karadağ AS, You Y, Danarti R, Al-Khuzaei S, Chen W
Clin Dermatol 2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53. Epub 2017 Sep 8 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008. PMID: 29241752
Barros B, Thiboutot D
Clin Dermatol 2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):168-172. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.009. PMID: 28274354
Stratakis CA
Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016 Sep;17(3):283-286. doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9399-3. PMID: 27943005Free PMC Article
Scheinfeld NS
Clin Dermatol 2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001. PMID: 15475230
Philip N, Sigaudy S
J Med Genet 1998 Mar;35(3):238-40. doi: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.238. PMID: 9541110Free PMC Article

Therapy

Li R, Li H, Yang Z, Zhang X
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023 Sept 28;48(9):1425-1431. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230100. PMID: 38044655Free PMC Article
Barros B, Thiboutot D
Clin Dermatol 2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):168-172. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.009. PMID: 28274354
Marukian NV, Levinsohn JL, Craiglow BG, Milstone LM, Choate KA
Pediatr Dermatol 2017 Mar;34(2):160-162. Epub 2016 Dec 23 doi: 10.1111/pde.13057. PMID: 28008647
Clemente MG, Mandato C, Poeta M, Vajro P
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Sep 28;22(36):8078-93. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8078. PMID: 27688650Free PMC Article
Alatzoglou KS, Hindmarsh PC, Brain C, Torpiano J, Dattani MT
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Oct;94(10):3959-63. Epub 2009 Jul 21 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0322. PMID: 19622626

Prognosis

de Planque CA, Wall SA, Dalton L, Paternoster G, Arnaud É, van Veelen MC, Versnel SL, Johnson D, Jayamohan J, Mathijssen IMJ
J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021 Oct 1;28(4):425-431. Epub 2021 Aug 13 doi: 10.3171/2021.2.PEDS20933. PMID: 34388723
Al-Kandari H, Al-Abdulrazzaq D, Al-Jaser F, Al-Mulla F, Davidsson L
Prim Care Diabetes 2021 Feb;15(1):175-177. Epub 2020 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.07.012. PMID: 32843252
Karadağ AS, You Y, Danarti R, Al-Khuzaei S, Chen W
Clin Dermatol 2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53. Epub 2017 Sep 8 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008. PMID: 29241752
Scheinfeld NS
Clin Dermatol 2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001. PMID: 15475230
Philip N, Sigaudy S
J Med Genet 1998 Mar;35(3):238-40. doi: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.238. PMID: 9541110Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Zhang CH, D'Arco F, Borghi A, Picariello S, Cheung M, Irving M, Thompson D
Childs Nerv Syst 2023 Dec;39(12):3491-3499. Epub 2023 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00381-023-06005-z. PMID: 37322357
Nur Zati Iwani AK, Jalaludin MY, Roslan FA, Mansor F, Md Zain F, Hong JYH, Zin RMWM, Yahya A, Ishak Z, Selamat R, Mokhtar AH
Front Public Health 2023;11:1097675. Epub 2023 Apr 27 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1097675. PMID: 37181686Free PMC Article
Mericq V, Huang-Doran I, Al-Naqeb D, Basaure J, Castiglioni C, de Bruin C, Hendriks Y, Bertini E, Alkuraya FS, Losekoot M, Al-Rubeaan K, Semple RK, Wit JM
Eur J Endocrinol 2022 Mar 23;186(5):543-552. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0609. PMID: 35234134Free PMC Article
Ju Q, Tao T, Hu T, Karadağ AS, Al-Khuzaei S, Chen W
Clin Dermatol 2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):130-137. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.004. PMID: 28274349
Mulliken JB, Steinberger D, Kunze S, Müller U
Plast Reconstr Surg 1999 Nov;104(6):1603-15. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199911000-00001. PMID: 10541159

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.