U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Germinoma

MedGen UID:
64626
•Concept ID:
C0206660
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Germinoma (disease)
SNOMED CT: Germinoma (28307001)
 
HPO: HP:0100620
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002598

Definition

A type of undifferentiated germ cell tumor that may be benign or malignant. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
Kremenevski N, Buchfelder M, Hore N
Curr Oncol Rep 2023 Jul;25(7):765-775. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01416-2. PMID: 37036624Free PMC Article
EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Diabetes insipidus--diagnosis and management.
Di Iorgi N, Napoli F, Allegri AE, Olivieri I, Bertelli E, Gallizia A, Rossi A, Maghnie M
Horm Res Paediatr 2012;77(2):69-84. Epub 2012 Mar 16 doi: 10.1159/000336333. PMID: 22433947

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Phase II trial of response-based radiation therapy for patients with localized germinoma: a Children's Oncology Group study.
Bartels U, Onar-Thomas A, Patel SK, Shaw D, Fangusaro J, Dhall G, Souweidane M, Bhatia A, Embry L, Trask CL, Murphy ES, MacDonald S, Wu S, Boyett JM, Leary S, Fouladi M, Gajjar A, Khatua S
Neuro Oncol 2022 Jun 1;24(6):974-983. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab270. PMID: 34850169Free PMC Article
EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Re-irradiation for Paediatric Tumours.
Tsang DS, Laperriere NJ
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019 Mar;31(3):191-198. Epub 2018 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.10.003. PMID: 30385005
Randomized comparison of cisplatin and etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in treatment of advanced disseminated germ cell tumors: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study.
Nichols CR, Catalano PJ, Crawford ED, Vogelzang NJ, Einhorn LH, Loehrer PJ
J Clin Oncol 1998 Apr;16(4):1287-93. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.4.1287. PMID: 9552027
International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group.
J Clin Oncol 1997 Feb;15(2):594-603. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594. PMID: 9053482

Diagnosis

Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
Kremenevski N, Buchfelder M, Hore N
Curr Oncol Rep 2023 Jul;25(7):765-775. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01416-2. PMID: 37036624Free PMC Article
Management of CNS germinoma.
Osorio DS, Allen JC
CNS Oncol 2015;4(4):273-9. Epub 2015 Jun 29 doi: 10.2217/cns.15.13. PMID: 26118663Free PMC Article
Pineal germinoma.
Srinivasan N, Pakala A, Mukkamalla C, Oswal A
South Med J 2010 Oct;103(10):1031-7. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181ebeeff. PMID: 20818311
Neonatal liver tumours.
von Schweinitz D
Semin Neonatol 2003 Oct;8(5):403-10. doi: 10.1016/S1084-2756(03)00092-7. PMID: 15001128
Testicular cancer.
Brock D, Fox S, Gosling G, Haney L, Kneebone P, Nagy C, Qualitza B
Semin Oncol Nurs 1993 Nov;9(4):224-36. doi: 10.1016/s0749-2081(05)80051-8. PMID: 8290818

Therapy

Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
Kremenevski N, Buchfelder M, Hore N
Curr Oncol Rep 2023 Jul;25(7):765-775. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01416-2. PMID: 37036624Free PMC Article
Phase II trial of response-based radiation therapy for patients with localized germinoma: a Children's Oncology Group study.
Bartels U, Onar-Thomas A, Patel SK, Shaw D, Fangusaro J, Dhall G, Souweidane M, Bhatia A, Embry L, Trask CL, Murphy ES, MacDonald S, Wu S, Boyett JM, Leary S, Fouladi M, Gajjar A, Khatua S
Neuro Oncol 2022 Jun 1;24(6):974-983. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab270. PMID: 34850169Free PMC Article
Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors.
Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, Bajorin D, Marion S, Sheinfeld J, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ
J Clin Oncol 2005 Sep 20;23(27):6549-55. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.19.638. PMID: 16170162
Randomized comparison of cisplatin and etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in treatment of advanced disseminated germ cell tumors: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study.
Nichols CR, Catalano PJ, Crawford ED, Vogelzang NJ, Einhorn LH, Loehrer PJ
J Clin Oncol 1998 Apr;16(4):1287-93. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.4.1287. PMID: 9552027
International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group.
J Clin Oncol 1997 Feb;15(2):594-603. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594. PMID: 9053482

Prognosis

Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
Kremenevski N, Buchfelder M, Hore N
Curr Oncol Rep 2023 Jul;25(7):765-775. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01416-2. PMID: 37036624Free PMC Article
Suprasellar Germinomas: 2 Case Reports and Literature Review.
Mesquita Filho PM, Santos FP, Köhler LR, Manfroi G, De Carli F, Augusto de Araujo M, Schwingel D
World Neurosurg 2018 Sep;117:165-171. Epub 2018 Jun 15 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.041. PMID: 29913291
Extragonadal germ cell tumors.
Schmoll HJ
Ann Oncol 2002;13 Suppl 4:265-72. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdf669. PMID: 12401700
The treatment of cranial germ cell tumours.
Brandes AA, Pasetto LM, Monfardini S
Cancer Treat Rev 2000 Aug;26(4):233-42. doi: 10.1053/ctrv.2000.0169. PMID: 10913379
Long-term follow-up of a phase III study of three versus four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in favorable-prognosis germ-cell tumors: the Indian University experience.
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R, Einhorn LH
J Clin Oncol 1998 Feb;16(2):702-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.702. PMID: 9469360

Clinical prediction guides

Differentiation between germinoma and other pineal region tumors using diffusion-and susceptibility-weighted MRI.
Phuttharak W, Wannasarnmetha M, Lueangingkasut P, Waraasawapati S, Mukherji SK
Eur J Radiol 2023 Feb;159:110663. Epub 2022 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110663. PMID: 36584565
Phase II trial of response-based radiation therapy for patients with localized germinoma: a Children's Oncology Group study.
Bartels U, Onar-Thomas A, Patel SK, Shaw D, Fangusaro J, Dhall G, Souweidane M, Bhatia A, Embry L, Trask CL, Murphy ES, MacDonald S, Wu S, Boyett JM, Leary S, Fouladi M, Gajjar A, Khatua S
Neuro Oncol 2022 Jun 1;24(6):974-983. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab270. PMID: 34850169Free PMC Article
Testicular germ cell tumors.
Bridges B, Hussain A
Curr Opin Oncol 2007 May;19(3):222-8. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e3280ad43df. PMID: 17414640
Long-term follow-up of a phase III study of three versus four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in favorable-prognosis germ-cell tumors: the Indian University experience.
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R, Einhorn LH
J Clin Oncol 1998 Feb;16(2):702-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.702. PMID: 9469360
Suprasellar germinoma.
Takeuchi J, Handa H, Nagata I
J Neurosurg 1978 Jul;49(1):41-8. doi: 10.3171/jns.1978.49.1.0041. PMID: 660267

Recent systematic reviews

The role of neurosurgeon in the multidisciplinary approach to ectopic or bifocal intracranial germinoma: A systematic review and report of two illustrative cases.
de Gennaro L, Messina R, Bruno MC, Bozzi MT, Speranzon L, Delvecchio C, Chibbaro S, Marani W, Montemurro N, Signorelli F
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024 Sep;244:108408. Epub 2024 Jun 28 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108408. PMID: 38954867
Proton Therapy in Children: A Systematic Review of Clinical Effectiveness in 15 Pediatric Cancers.
Leroy R, Benahmed N, Hulstaert F, Van Damme N, De Ruysscher D
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016 May 1;95(1):267-278. Epub 2015 Oct 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.10.025. PMID: 27084646
Paediatric brain tumours: A review of radiotherapy, state of the art and challenges for the future regarding protontherapy and carbontherapy.
Laprie A, Hu Y, Alapetite C, Carrie C, Habrand JL, Bolle S, Bondiau PY, Ducassou A, Huchet A, Bertozzi AI, Perel Y, Moyal É, Balosso J; radiotherapy committee of SFCE and France Hadron
Cancer Radiother 2015 Dec;19(8):775-89. Epub 2015 Nov 6 doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.05.028. PMID: 26548600
A systematic review of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 and germ cell tumors.
von Eyben FE
Clin Biochem 2001 Sep;34(6):441-54. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00236-3. PMID: 11676973
Surveillance programs for early stage non-seminomatous testicular cancer: a practice guideline.
Segal R, Lukka H, Klotz LH, Eady A, Bestic N, Johnston M; Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group
Can J Urol 2001 Feb;8(1):1184-92. PMID: 11268306

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...