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Encephalomyelitis, Equine

MedGen UID:: 8605
•Concept ID:: C0014074
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:

Encephalitis, Equine; Equine Encephalitis; Equine Encephalomyelitis; Equine Encephalomyelitis Viral Infections; Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Infections; Infections, Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Definition

A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10) [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVEncephalomyelitis, Equine

Clinical finding
- Finding by Cause
  - Infection
    - Vector-borne disease
      - Arbovirus infection
        Alphavirus infectious disease
        Encephalomyelitis, Equine
        Eastern equine encephalitis
        Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection
        Western equine encephalitis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The 1952 outbreak of encephalitis in California; differential diagnosis.

KOKERNOT RH, SHINEFIELD HR, LONGSHORE WA Jr
Calif Med 1953 Aug;79(2):73-7. PMID: 13067016 Free PMC Article

See all (1)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

First Detection of Madariaga virus in Mosquitoes Collected in a Wild Environment of Northeastern Argentina.

Stechina OS, Oria GI, Torres C, Diaz LA, Contigiani M, Stein M
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019 Oct;101(4):916-918. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0475. PMID: 31482786 Free PMC Article

Epidemiologic investigations of the 1969 epidemic of Venezuelan encephalitis in Ecuador.

Gutierrev E, Monath TP, Alava A, Uriguen D, Arzube M, Chamberlain RW
Am J Epidemiol 1975 Nov;102(5):400-13. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112179. PMID: 906

Rural epidemic encephalitis in Venezuela caused by a group A arbovirus (VEE).

Rossi AL
Prog Med Virol 1967;9:176-203. PMID: 4383416

Epidemiology of the arthropod-borne encephalitides.

MILES JA
Bull World Health Organ 1960;22(3-4):339-71. PMID: 14422369 Free PMC Article

Western equine encephalitis in infants; a report on three cases with sequelae.

BRUYN HB, LENNETTE EH
Calif Med 1953 Nov;79(5):362-6. PMID: 13106712 Free PMC Article

See all (51)

Diagnosis

Radiology of biological weapons--old and the new?

Ketai L, Tchoyoson Lim CC
Semin Roentgenol 2007 Jan;42(1):49-59. doi: 10.1053/j.ro.2006.08.001. PMID: 17174174

Acute viral encephalitis.

Ho DD, Hirsch MS
Med Clin North Am 1985 Mar;69(2):415-29. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31052-5. PMID: 2985888

Laboratory diagnosis of Western encephalomyelitis.

Sekla LH, Stackiw W
Can J Public Health 1976 May-Jun;67 Suppl 1:33-9. PMID: 9195

Viral encephalitis.

Hammon WM, Ho M
Dis Mon 1973 Mar:1-47. doi: 10.1016/s0011-5029(73)80010-0. PMID: 4144386

Venezuelan equine encephalitis.

Kissling RE, Chamberlain RW
Adv Vet Sci 1967;11:65-84. PMID: 4393985

See all (80)

Therapy

Human Antibodies Protect against Aerosolized Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection.

Williamson LE, Gilliland T Jr, Yadav PK, Binshtein E, Bombardi R, Kose N, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Durie CL, Armstrong E, Carnahan RH, Walker LM, Kim AS, Fox JM, Diamond MS, Ohi MD, Klimstra WB, Crowe JE Jr
Cell 2020 Dec 23;183(7):1884-1900.e23. Epub 2020 Dec 9 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.011. PMID: 33301709 Free PMC Article

Cryo-EM structure of eastern equine encephalitis virus in complex with heparan sulfate analogues.

Chen CL, Hasan SS, Klose T, Sun Y, Buda G, Sun C, Klimstra WB, Rossmann MG
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Apr 21;117(16):8890-8899. Epub 2020 Apr 3 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910670117. PMID: 32245806 Free PMC Article

In vitro mechanisms of monoclonal antibody neutralization of alphaviruses.

Roehrig JT, Hunt AR, Kinney RM, Mathews JH
Virology 1988 Jul;165(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90659-9. PMID: 2455383

Herpes simplex encephalitis: need for accurate diagnosis.

Whitley RJ, Alford CA
JAMA 1980 Jul 25;244(4):371-2. PMID: 7392134

Western equine encephalitis mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis.

Bia FJ, Thornton GF, Main AJ, Fong CK, Hsiung GD
JAMA 1980 Jul 25;244(4):367-9. PMID: 7190194

See all (20)

Prognosis

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Response, Rhode Island, 2019.

Quilliam DN, Gosciminski M, Bandy U
R I Med J (2013) 2020 Apr 1;103(3):68-70. PMID: 32236168

Eastern equine encephalitis in Massachusetts: a report of 16 cases, 1970-1984.

Przelomski MM, O'Rourke E, Grady GF, Berardi VP, Markley HG
Neurology 1988 May;38(5):736-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.5.736. PMID: 3362371

Strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of arbovirus diseases in western North America.

Eldridge BF
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987 Nov;37(3 Suppl):77S-86S. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1987.37.77s. PMID: 2891313

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in upstate New York: studies of a 1976 epizootic by a modified serologic technique, hemagglutination reduction, for rapid detection of virus infections.

Srihongse S, Grayson MA, Morris CD, Deibel R, Duncan CS
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1978 Nov;27(6):1240-5. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.1240. PMID: 31803

Viral teratogenesis: a review with experimental and clinical perspectives.

Harris RE
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974 Aug 1;119(7):996-1008. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90023-4. PMID: 4366796

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Clinical prediction guides

Structural constraints link differences in neutralization potency of human anti-Eastern equine encephalitis virus monoclonal antibodies.

Williamson LE, Bandyopadhyay A, Bailey K, Sirohi D, Klose T, Julander JG, Kuhn RJ, Crowe JE Jr
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023 Mar 28;120(13):e2213690120. Epub 2023 Mar 24 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2213690120. PMID: 36961925 Free PMC Article

Field investigations of winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus in Florida.

Bingham AM, Burkett-Cadena ND, Hassan HK, McClure CJ, Unnasch TR
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 Oct;91(4):685-93. Epub 2014 Jul 28 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0081. PMID: 25070997 Free PMC Article

Tonate virus infection in French Guiana: clinical aspects and seroepidemiologic study.

Talarmin A, Trochu J, Gardon J, Laventure S, Hommel D, Lelarge J, Labeau B, Digoutte JP, Hulin A, Sarthou JL
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001 May-Jun;64(5-6):274-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.274. PMID: 11463116

Strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of arbovirus diseases in western North America.

Eldridge BF
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987 Nov;37(3 Suppl):77S-86S. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1987.37.77s. PMID: 2891313

Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vector studies.

Sudia WD, Newhouse VF, Beadle ID, Miller DL, Johnston JG Jr, Young R, Calisher CH, Maness K
Am J Epidemiol 1975 Jan;101(1):17-35. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112068. PMID: 235212

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