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Extragonadal germ cell tumor

MedGen UID:
75506
•Concept ID:
C0262963
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Extragonadal Germ Cell Neoplasm; extragonadal germ cell neoplasm; Extragonadal Germ Cell Neoplasms; extragonadal germ cell neoplasms; Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; extragonadal germ cell tumor; Neoplasm of Extragonadal Germ Cell; neoplasm of extragonadal germ cell; Neoplasm of the Extragonadal Germ Cell; neoplasm of the extragonadal germ cell; Primary Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; primary extragonadal germ cell tumor; primary extragonadal germ cell tumour; Tumor of Extragonadal Germ Cell; tumor of extragonadal germ cell; Tumor of the Extragonadal Germ Cell; tumor of the extragonadal germ cell; tumour of extragonadal germ cell; tumour of the extragonadal germ cell
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0018201
Orphanet: ORPHA363579

Definition

A germ cell tumor arising in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary (e.g., central nervous system, lung, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum). [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVExtragonadal germ cell tumor

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Japanese clinical practice guidelines for sacrococcygeal teratoma, 2017.
Fumino S, Tajiri T, Usui N, Tamura M, Sago H, Ono S, Nosaka S, Yoneda A, Souzaki R, Higashi M, Sakai K, Takahashi K, Sugiura T, Taguchi T
Pediatr Int 2019 Jul;61(7):672-678. Epub 2019 Jun 18 doi: 10.1111/ped.13844. PMID: 30903638
Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-center Experience.
Makino T, Konaka H, Namiki M
Anticancer Res 2016 Jan;36(1):313-7. PMID: 26722059
Treatment for patients with unknown primary cancer and favorable prognostic factors.
Hainsworth JD, Fizazi K
Semin Oncol 2009 Feb;36(1):44-51. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2008.10.006. PMID: 19179187

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation.
Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Kayal S
Int J Surg Pathol 2024 Aug;32(5):865-874. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1177/10668969231201413. PMID: 37853749
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome among refractory germ cell tumor patients.
Inoue Y, Nakamura T, Nakanishi H, Oishi M, Hongo F, Okihara K, Mizutani S, Kuroda J, Ukimura O
Int J Urol 2018 Jul;25(7):678-683. Epub 2018 May 11 doi: 10.1111/iju.13597. PMID: 29752743
Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-center Experience.
Makino T, Konaka H, Namiki M
Anticancer Res 2016 Jan;36(1):313-7. PMID: 26722059
Poorly differentiated carcinoma and germ cell tumors.
Hainsworth JD, Greco FA
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1991 Dec;5(6):1223-31. PMID: 1663941

Diagnosis

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation.
Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Kayal S
Int J Surg Pathol 2024 Aug;32(5):865-874. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1177/10668969231201413. PMID: 37853749
Critical elements of pediatrics sacrococcygeal germ cell tumor surgery.
Rescorla F, Dicken B, Billmire D, Weil B, Stark R, Madenci A, Ramaraj A
Semin Pediatr Surg 2023 Oct;32(5):151344. Epub 2023 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151344. PMID: 38039830
Immune-related mechanisms and immunotherapy in extragonadal germ cell tumors.
Xiu W, Pang J, Hu Y, Shi H
Front Immunol 2023;14:1145788. Epub 2023 Apr 17 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145788. PMID: 37138865Free PMC Article
Gastric adenocarcinoma with germ cell tumor components: a rare case report.
Han X, Wang S, He H, Sun Y, Li J
J Int Med Res 2022 Jan;50(1):3000605211069202. doi: 10.1177/03000605211069202. PMID: 34986675Free PMC Article
Poorly differentiated carcinoma and germ cell tumors.
Hainsworth JD, Greco FA
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1991 Dec;5(6):1223-31. PMID: 1663941

Therapy

Incidentally discovered primary mediastinal germ cell tumor.
Wong V, Geynisman DM
JAAPA 2020 Apr;33(4):35-37. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000657172.30545.a3. PMID: 32217905Free PMC Article
Primary Malignant Thyroid Teratoma: An Institutional Experience.
Ting J, Bell D, Ahmed S, Ying A, Waguespack SG, Tu SM, Weber R, Zafereo M
Thyroid 2019 Feb;29(2):229-236. doi: 10.1089/thy.2018.0206. PMID: 30759052
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome among refractory germ cell tumor patients.
Inoue Y, Nakamura T, Nakanishi H, Oishi M, Hongo F, Okihara K, Mizutani S, Kuroda J, Ukimura O
Int J Urol 2018 Jul;25(7):678-683. Epub 2018 May 11 doi: 10.1111/iju.13597. PMID: 29752743
Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-center Experience.
Makino T, Konaka H, Namiki M
Anticancer Res 2016 Jan;36(1):313-7. PMID: 26722059
Poorly differentiated carcinoma and germ cell tumors.
Hainsworth JD, Greco FA
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1991 Dec;5(6):1223-31. PMID: 1663941

Prognosis

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation.
Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Kayal S
Int J Surg Pathol 2024 Aug;32(5):865-874. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1177/10668969231201413. PMID: 37853749
Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors-The University of Western Ontario Experience.
Lavi A, Winquist E, Nair SM, Chin JL, Izawa J, Fernandes R, Ernst S, Power NE
Curr Oncol 2020 Dec 8;28(1):78-85. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28010010. PMID: 33704177Free PMC Article
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome among refractory germ cell tumor patients.
Inoue Y, Nakamura T, Nakanishi H, Oishi M, Hongo F, Okihara K, Mizutani S, Kuroda J, Ukimura O
Int J Urol 2018 Jul;25(7):678-683. Epub 2018 May 11 doi: 10.1111/iju.13597. PMID: 29752743
Poorly differentiated carcinoma and germ cell tumors.
Hainsworth JD, Greco FA
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1991 Dec;5(6):1223-31. PMID: 1663941

Clinical prediction guides

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation.
Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Kayal S
Int J Surg Pathol 2024 Aug;32(5):865-874. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1177/10668969231201413. PMID: 37853749
Postoperative recurrence of mixed extragonadal germ cell tumor in the right shoulder: a case report.
Li Y, Huang X, Meng X, Luo Y, Luo S, Wang J
Diagn Pathol 2023 Feb 20;18(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13000-023-01312-0. PMID: 36805679Free PMC Article
Yolk sac tumor in the abdominal wall of an 18-month-old girl: a case report.
van den Akker M, Vervloessem D, Huybrechs A, Declercq S, van der Werff Ten Bosch J
J Med Case Rep 2017 Feb 20;11(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s13256-017-1216-4. PMID: 28215183Free PMC Article
Significance of elevated preoperative alpha-fetoprotein in postchemotherapy residual tumor resection for the disseminated germ cell tumors.
Kobayashi T, Kawakita M, Terachi T, Habuchi T, Ogawa O, Kamoto T
J Surg Oncol 2006 Dec 1;94(7):619-23. doi: 10.1002/jso.20418. PMID: 17111392
Primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor in a 66-year-old woman.
Coskun U, Günel N, Yildirim Y, Memis L, Boyacioglu ZM
Med Princ Pract 2002 Oct-Dec;11(4):218-20. doi: 10.1159/000065812. PMID: 12424419

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