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Hyperchloremia

MedGen UID:
39325
Concept ID:
C0085679
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Increased chloride levels
SNOMED CT: Hyperchloremia (74450001)
 
HPO: HP:0011423

Definition

An abnormally increased chloride concentration in the blood. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2B
MedGen UID:
374457
Concept ID:
C1840390
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2C
MedGen UID:
327089
Concept ID:
C1840391
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2D
MedGen UID:
483335
Concept ID:
C3469605
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2E
MedGen UID:
483336
Concept ID:
C3469606
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Bernini A, Miroz JP, Abed-Maillard S, Favre E, Iaquaniello C, Ben-Hamouda N, Oddo M
Sci Rep 2022 Feb 22;12(1):3035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07129-z. PMID: 35194150Free PMC Article
Holden DN, Yung FH, Entezami P
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021 Feb;201:106435. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106435. PMID: 33373834
Puri I, Shirazi NM, Yap E, Saggi SJ
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020 Jan;29(1):64-70. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000571. PMID: 31725008

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Sankar J, Muralidharan J, Lalitha AV, Rameshkumar R, Pathak M, Das RR, Nadkarni VM, Ismail J, Subramanian M, Nallasamy K, Dev N, Kumar UV, Kumar K, Sharma T, Jaravta K, Thakur N, Aggarwal P, Jat KR, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Crit Care Med 2023 Nov 1;51(11):1449-1460. Epub 2023 Jun 9 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005952. PMID: 37294145
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Nagami GT
Nefrologia 2016 Jul-Aug;36(4):347-53. Epub 2016 Jun 3 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.04.001. PMID: 27267918
Allen SJ
J Extra Corpor Technol 2014 Mar;46(1):28-32. PMID: 24779116Free PMC Article
Riepe FG
Endocr Dev 2013;24:86-95. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1159/000342508. PMID: 23392097

Diagnosis

Emmett M
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2022 Jul;29(4):355-363. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2022.07.004. PMID: 36175073
Yu MK, Kamal F, Chertow GM
J Hosp Med 2019 Apr;14(4):232-238. Epub 2019 Feb 20 doi: 10.12788/jhm.3105. PMID: 30794134
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Riepe FG
Endocr Dev 2013;24:86-95. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1159/000342508. PMID: 23392097
Berend K, van Hulsteijn LH, Gans RO
Eur J Intern Med 2012 Apr;23(3):203-11. Epub 2011 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.11.013. PMID: 22385875

Therapy

Sankar J, Muralidharan J, Lalitha AV, Rameshkumar R, Pathak M, Das RR, Nadkarni VM, Ismail J, Subramanian M, Nallasamy K, Dev N, Kumar UV, Kumar K, Sharma T, Jaravta K, Thakur N, Aggarwal P, Jat KR, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Crit Care Med 2023 Nov 1;51(11):1449-1460. Epub 2023 Jun 9 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005952. PMID: 37294145
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
El Gkotmi N, Kosmeri C, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS
Curr Med Res Opin 2017 Mar;33(3):459-471. Epub 2016 Dec 14 doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1261819. PMID: 27848268
Li H, Sun SR, Yap JQ, Chen JH, Qian Q
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016 Mar;17(3):181-7. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1500201. PMID: 26984838Free PMC Article
Langer T, Santini A, Scotti E, Van Regenmortel N, Malbrain ML, Caironi P
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2015;47 Spec No:s78-88. Epub 2015 Nov 20 doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0079. PMID: 26588483

Prognosis

Yılmaz H, Güney BÇ
Turk J Med Sci 2022 Oct;52(5):1689-1696. Epub 2022 Oct 19 doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5510. PMID: 36422489Free PMC Article
Takahashi A, Maeda K, Sasaki K, Doi S, Nakashima A, Doi T, Masaki T
Clin Exp Nephrol 2022 Sep;26(9):880-885. Epub 2022 May 7 doi: 10.1007/s10157-022-02229-6. PMID: 35524894
Ramírez-Guerrero G, Baghetti-Hernández R, Ronco C
Neurocrit Care 2022 Apr;36(2):640-649. Epub 2021 Sep 13 doi: 10.1007/s12028-021-01345-7. PMID: 34518967
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Allen SJ
J Extra Corpor Technol 2014 Mar;46(1):28-32. PMID: 24779116Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Pérez-Moreno J, Gutiérrez-Vélez A, Torres Soblechero L, González Martínez F, Toledo Del Castillo B, Vierge Hernán E, Rodríguez-Fernández R
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) 2022 Nov-Dec;42(6):688-695. Epub 2023 Mar 10 doi: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.02.006. PMID: 36907718
Takahashi A, Maeda K, Sasaki K, Doi S, Nakashima A, Doi T, Masaki T
Clin Exp Nephrol 2022 Sep;26(9):880-885. Epub 2022 May 7 doi: 10.1007/s10157-022-02229-6. PMID: 35524894
Qureshi AI, Huang W, Hanley DF, Hsu CY, Martin RH, Malhotra K, Steiner T, Suarez JI, Yamamoto H, Toyoda K
Neurocrit Care 2022 Oct;37(2):487-496. Epub 2022 May 5 doi: 10.1007/s12028-022-01514-2. PMID: 35513751
Ramírez-Guerrero G, Baghetti-Hernández R, Ronco C
Neurocrit Care 2022 Apr;36(2):640-649. Epub 2021 Sep 13 doi: 10.1007/s12028-021-01345-7. PMID: 34518967
Langer T, Santini A, Scotti E, Van Regenmortel N, Malbrain ML, Caironi P
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2015;47 Spec No:s78-88. Epub 2015 Nov 20 doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0079. PMID: 26588483

Recent systematic reviews

Maharjan J, Pandit S, Arne Johansson K, Khanal P, Karmacharya B, Kaur G, Kumar Aryal K
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024 Jan;207:111078. Epub 2023 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111078. PMID: 38154537
Waskowski J, Salvato SM, Müller M, Hofer D, van Regenmortel N, Pfortmueller CA
J Crit Care 2023 Dec;78:154403. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154403. PMID: 37651780
Lehr AR, Rached-d'Astous S, Barrowman N, Tsampalieros A, Parker M, McIntyre L, Sampson M, Menon K
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022 Mar 1;23(3):181-191. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002890. PMID: 34991134Free PMC Article

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