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Reproductive System Hemorrhage

MedGen UID:
182679
•Concept ID:
C0947964
•
Pathologic Function
Synonym: Genital Bleeding

Definition

Bleeding originating in the organs and tissue that aid in reproduction. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252
Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays.
Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW
Angiogenesis 2018 Aug;21(3):425-532. doi: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x. PMID: 29766399Free PMC Article
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Review.
Litwin MS, Tan HJ
JAMA 2017 Jun 27;317(24):2532-2542. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.7248. PMID: 28655021

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Management of pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal abnormal uterine bleeding: When to perform endometrial sampling?
Papakonstantinou E, Adonakis G
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022 Aug;158(2):252-259. Epub 2021 Oct 31 doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13988. PMID: 34669187
Typical ultrasound features of various endometrial pathologies described using International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Van Den Bosch T, Verbakel JY, Valentin L, Wynants L, De Cock B, Pascual MA, Leone FPG, Sladkevicius P, Alcazar JL, Votino A, Fruscio R, Lanzani C, Van Holsbeke C, Rossi A, Jokubkiene L, Kudla M, Jakab A, Domali E, Epstein E, Van Pachterbeke C, Bourne T, Van Calster B, Timmerman D
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021 Jan;57(1):164-172. doi: 10.1002/uog.22109. PMID: 32484286
Patient blood management in obstetrics: prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. A NATA consensus statement.
Muñoz M, Stensballe J, Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Bonnet MP, De Robertis E, Fornet I, Goffinet F, Hofer S, Holzgreve W, Manrique S, Nizard J, Christory F, Samama CM, Hardy JF
Blood Transfus 2019 Mar;17(2):112-136. Epub 2019 Feb 6 doi: 10.2450/2019.0245-18. PMID: 30865585Free PMC Article
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252
Intrapartum hemorrhage.
Alexander JM, Wortman AC
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013 Mar;40(1):15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.12.003. PMID: 23466133

Diagnosis

Contemporary evaluation of women and girls with abnormal uterine bleeding: FIGO Systems 1 and 2.
Jain V, Munro MG, Critchley HOD
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023 Aug;162 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):29-42. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14946. PMID: 37538019Free PMC Article
Uterine bleeding: how understanding endometrial physiology underpins menstrual health.
Jain V, Chodankar RR, Maybin JA, Critchley HOD
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022 May;18(5):290-308. Epub 2022 Feb 8 doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00629-4. PMID: 35136207Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012. PMID: 30711128
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252
Intrapartum hemorrhage.
Alexander JM, Wortman AC
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013 Mar;40(1):15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.12.003. PMID: 23466133

Therapy

Intrauterine Postpartum Hemorrhage-Control Devices.
Jackson TL, Tuuli MG
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Nov 1;142(5):1000-1005. Epub 2023 Oct 5 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005403. PMID: 37797338
The effect of endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system - current knowledge.
Czarnywojtek A, Jaz K, Ochmańska A, Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak M, Czarnocka B, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Ziółkowska P, Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Gut P, Florek E, Ruchała M
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Aug;25(15):4930-4940. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202108_26450. PMID: 34355365
Management of post-partum haemorrhage.
Ahonen J, Stefanovic V, Lassila R
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010 Nov;54(10):1164-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02309.x. PMID: 21069897
Postpartum hemorrhage.
Ramanathan G, Arulkumaran S
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006 Nov;28(11):967-973. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32308-8. PMID: 17169221
Vasectomy.
Qureshi F
Aust Fam Physician 1984 Oct;13(10):734-5, 737. PMID: 6508643

Prognosis

Post-Menopausal Bleeding: Role of Imaging.
Hurtado S, Shetty MK
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2023 Dec;44(6):519-527. Epub 2023 Oct 11 doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.10.003. PMID: 37832697
Vaginal Bleeding Before 20 Weeks Gestation.
Banwarth-Kuhn B, McQuade M, Krashin JW
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2023 Sep;50(3):473-492. Epub 2023 May 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2023.03.004. PMID: 37500211
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012. PMID: 30711128
Menorrhagia.
Duckitt K, Collins S
BMJ Clin Evid 2008 Sep 18;2008 PMID: 19445802Free PMC Article
Puberty-associated gingivitis.
Tiainen L, Asikainen S, Saxén L
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1992 Apr;20(2):87-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb00683.x. PMID: 1555394

Clinical prediction guides

Post-Menopausal Bleeding: Role of Imaging.
Hurtado S, Shetty MK
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2023 Dec;44(6):519-527. Epub 2023 Oct 11 doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.10.003. PMID: 37832697
Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Angiogenesis in abnormal uterine bleeding: a narrative review.
Middelkoop MA, Don EE, Hehenkamp WJK, Polman NJ, Griffioen AW, Huirne JAF
Hum Reprod Update 2023 Jul 5;29(4):457-485. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmad004. PMID: 36857162Free PMC Article
The development of the human uterus: morphogenesis to menarche.
Habiba M, Heyn R, Bianchi P, Brosens I, Benagiano G
Hum Reprod Update 2021 Jan 4;27(1):1-26. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa036. PMID: 33395479
Typical ultrasound features of various endometrial pathologies described using International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Van Den Bosch T, Verbakel JY, Valentin L, Wynants L, De Cock B, Pascual MA, Leone FPG, Sladkevicius P, Alcazar JL, Votino A, Fruscio R, Lanzani C, Van Holsbeke C, Rossi A, Jokubkiene L, Kudla M, Jakab A, Domali E, Epstein E, Van Pachterbeke C, Bourne T, Van Calster B, Timmerman D
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021 Jan;57(1):164-172. doi: 10.1002/uog.22109. PMID: 32484286

Recent systematic reviews

Number and function of uterine natural killer cells in recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Von Woon E, Greer O, Shah N, Nikolaou D, Johnson M, Male V
Hum Reprod Update 2022 Jun 30;28(4):548-582. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac006. PMID: 35265977Free PMC Article
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration, Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, Harvey JD, Henrikson HJ, Lu D, Pennini A, Xu R, Ababneh E, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Elsalam SM, Abdoli A, Abedi A, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Adedeji IA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaali M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Akram T, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Ali S, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alvis-Guzman N, Amu H, Anbesu EW, Ancuceanu R, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antwi MH, Anvari D, Anyasodor AE, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Asemi Z, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Atorkey P, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Awedew AF, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayenew T, Azab MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Azzam AY, Badiye AD, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Balakrishnan S, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Behzadifar M, Belgaumi UI, Bezabhe WMM, Bezabih YM, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisignano C, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Blyuss O, Bolarinwa OA, Bolla SR, Braithwaite D, Brar A, Brenner H, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano Dos Santos FL, Cao Y, Carreras G, Catalá-López F, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Cernigliaro A, Chakinala RC, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chimed-Ochir O, Cho DY, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Conde J, Cortés S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cunha AR, Dadras O, Dagnew AB, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, De la Hoz FP, Demis AB, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doaei S, Dorostkar F, Dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Driscoll TR, Ebrahimi H, Eftekharzadeh S, El Tantawi M, El-Abid H, Elbarazi I, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Etemadi A, Ezzikouri S, Faisaluddin M, Faraon EJA, Fares J, Farzadfar F, Feroze AH, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gadanya MA, Gallus S, Gaspar Fonseca M, Getachew Obsa A, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamalizadeh M, Gilani SA, Ginindza TG, Gizaw ATT, Glasbey JC, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Guerra MR, Guha A, Gunasekera DS, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Holla R, Hossain MM, Hossain MBH, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hugo FN, Hussain R, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ida F, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irham LM, Islam JY, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Jacob L, Jain V, Jakovljevic MB, Javaheri T, Jayaram S, Jazayeri SB, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kahrizi D, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kaliyadan F, Kalkonde Y, Kamath A, Kameran Al-Salihi N, Kandel H, Kapoor N, Karch A, Kasa AS, Katikireddi SV, Kauppila JH, Kavetskyy T, Kebede SA, Keshavarz P, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khalilov R, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khang YH, Khater AM, Khayamzadeh M, Kim GR, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kucuk Bicer B, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kutluk T, La Vecchia C, Lami FH, Landires I, Lauriola P, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leong E, Li J, Li MC, Liu X, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majeed A, Makki A, Male S, Malik AA, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Masoumi SZ, Mathur P, McKee M, Mehrotra R, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Misra S, Mithra P, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moosavi MA, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mubarik S, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagata C, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negoi I, Negru SM, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Noor NM, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar E, Omar Bali A, Omonisi AEE, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Orru H, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pana A, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel HK, Patel JR, Pati S, Pattanshetty SM, Paudel U, Pereira DM, Pereira RB, Perianayagam A, Pillay JD, Pirouzpanah S, Pishgar F, Podder I, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Prashant A, Preotescu L, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Rafiee A, Rahim F, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Rakovac I, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Roberts TJ, Rodriguez JAB, Rohloff P, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, S M, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samaei M, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sankararaman S, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sardiwalla Y, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Schneider IJC, Sekerija M, Seylani A, Shafaat O, Shaghaghi Z, Shaikh MA, Shamsoddin E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Siabani S, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Silva DAS, Singh JA, Sintayehu Y, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soeberg MJ, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Sotoudeh H, Steiropoulos P, Straif K, Subedi R, Sufiyan MB, Sultan I, Sultana S, Sur D, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taherkhani A, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tat VY, Tedla BAA, Tefera YG, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tessema GA, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar V, Thomas N, Tohidinik HR, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Ullah S, Umapathi KK, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Velazquez DZ, Veroux M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Volovici V, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Ward P, Wen YF, Westerman R, Winkler AS, Yadav L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yazie TSY, Yeshaw Y, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zare F, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang J, Zhong C, Zhou L, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zimmermann IR, Fitzmaurice C, Murray CJL, Force LM
JAMA Oncol 2022 Mar 1;8(3):420-444. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987. PMID: 34967848Free PMC Article
Use of platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative dentistry: a systematic review.
Miron RJ, Zucchelli G, Pikos MA, Salama M, Lee S, Guillemette V, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Bishara M, Zhang Y, Wang HL, Chandad F, Nacopoulos C, Simonpieri A, Aalam AA, Felice P, Sammartino G, Ghanaati S, Hernandez MA, Choukroun J
Clin Oral Investig 2017 Jul;21(6):1913-1927. Epub 2017 May 27 doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2133-z. PMID: 28551729
The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Mullerian hormone in women.
Dewailly D, Andersen CY, Balen A, Broekmans F, Dilaver N, Fanchin R, Griesinger G, Kelsey TW, La Marca A, Lambalk C, Mason H, Nelson SM, Visser JA, Wallace WH, Anderson RA
Hum Reprod Update 2014 May-Jun;20(3):370-85. Epub 2014 Jan 14 doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmt062. PMID: 24430863
The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report.
Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taylor AE, Witchel SF; Task Force on the Phenotype of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome of The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society
Fertil Steril 2009 Feb;91(2):456-88. Epub 2008 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035. PMID: 18950759

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