U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Heterotropia

MedGen UID:
1803832
Concept ID:
C5574650
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Heterotropias
SNOMED CT: Heterotropia (128602000)
 
HPO: HP:0032012

Definition

Manifest deviation of the visual axes not controlled by fusion. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Intellectual disability and myopathy syndrome
MedGen UID:
1808193
Concept ID:
C5676904
Disease or Syndrome
Intellectual disability and myopathy syndrome (IDMYS) is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with mildly impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, muscle weakness and fatigue, and white matter abnormalities on brain imaging. Variable additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, dysmorphic facies, and progressive heart disease (summary by Smeland et al., 2019).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lavrich JB, Hamburger JL, Lee KE, Thuma TBT, Omega ML, Zhang QE, Gunton KB
J AAPOS 2023 Dec;27(6):346.e1-346.e6. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.019. PMID: 37931838
Friedman Z, Neumann E, Abel-Peleg B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1985 Mar-Apr;22(2):54-7. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19850301-05. PMID: 3989639
LAUGHLIN DT, STICKLE AW
Am Orthopt J 1954 Jun;4:40-7. PMID: 13180846

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Seif R, Hmaimess G, Eid H, Dunya I
Semin Ophthalmol 2022 Feb 17;37(2):265-267. Epub 2021 Nov 14 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2021.2003823. PMID: 34779343
Kannam M, Sutraye J, Kapoor R, Tibrewal S, Kekunnaya R, Sachdeva V
Strabismus 2021 Mar;29(1):42-50. Epub 2021 Jan 20 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2020.1871378. PMID: 33470875
Ho JD, Sheu JJ, Kao YW, Shia BC, Lin HC
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020 Jun;27(3):194-199. Epub 2019 Dec 26 doi: 10.1080/09286586.2019.1704795. PMID: 31878821
Ripley L, Rowe FJ
Strabismus 2007 Jul-Sep;15(3):165-71. doi: 10.1080/09273970701506094. PMID: 17763254
Spierer A, Priel A, Sachs D
J AAPOS 2005 Oct;9(5):422-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.05.007. PMID: 16213390

Diagnosis

Khorrami-Nejad M, Alghurab A, Akbari MR, Azizi E, Masoomian B
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2024 Jan-Mar;74(1):32-40. Epub 2024 Feb 29 PMID: 38421248
Lavrich JB, Hamburger JL, Lee KE, Thuma TBT, Omega ML, Zhang QE, Gunton KB
J AAPOS 2023 Dec;27(6):346.e1-346.e6. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.019. PMID: 37931838
Ombres CM, Lestadi I, Putra J
Head Neck Pathol 2022 Jun;16(2):503-506. Epub 2021 Jul 14 doi: 10.1007/s12105-021-01362-0. PMID: 34259980Free PMC Article
Sabri K, Moinul P, Tehrani N, Wiggins R, Fleming N, Farrokhyar F
J Telemed Telecare 2021 Feb;27(2):116-122. Epub 2019 Jul 31 doi: 10.1177/1357633X19864823. PMID: 31364472
Ripley L, Rowe FJ
Strabismus 2007 Jul-Sep;15(3):165-71. doi: 10.1080/09273970701506094. PMID: 17763254

Therapy

Leahy KE, MacNeill K, Locke J, Sobey S, Kraft SP, Ali A
Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Jan;106(1):54-59. Epub 2020 Oct 24 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317356. PMID: 33099505
Ho JD, Sheu JJ, Kao YW, Shia BC, Lin HC
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020 Jun;27(3):194-199. Epub 2019 Dec 26 doi: 10.1080/09286586.2019.1704795. PMID: 31878821
Leone JF, Cornell E, Morgan IG, Mitchell P, Kifley A, Wang JJ, Rose KA
Br J Ophthalmol 2010 May;94(5):542-6. Epub 2009 Oct 22 doi: 10.1136/bjo.2009.163709. PMID: 19850581
Ripley L, Rowe FJ
Strabismus 2007 Jul-Sep;15(3):165-71. doi: 10.1080/09273970701506094. PMID: 17763254
Kim JH, Hwang JM, Hwang YS, Kim KJ, Chae J
Ophthalmology 2003 Jul;110(7):1458-62. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00460-3. PMID: 12867410

Prognosis

Seif R, Hmaimess G, Eid H, Dunya I
Semin Ophthalmol 2022 Feb 17;37(2):265-267. Epub 2021 Nov 14 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2021.2003823. PMID: 34779343
Kannam M, Sutraye J, Kapoor R, Tibrewal S, Kekunnaya R, Sachdeva V
Strabismus 2021 Mar;29(1):42-50. Epub 2021 Jan 20 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2020.1871378. PMID: 33470875
Karlin JN, Rootman DB
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020 Feb;73(2):357-362. Epub 2019 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.07.018. PMID: 31488378
Astle AT, Foulsham T, Foss AJ, McGraw PV
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2016 Jul;36(4):487-93. doi: 10.1111/opo.12306. PMID: 27350186
Spierer A, Priel A, Sachs D
J AAPOS 2005 Oct;9(5):422-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.05.007. PMID: 16213390

Clinical prediction guides

Lavrich JB, Hamburger JL, Lee KE, Thuma TBT, Omega ML, Zhang QE, Gunton KB
J AAPOS 2023 Dec;27(6):346.e1-346.e6. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.019. PMID: 37931838
Kannam M, Sutraye J, Kapoor R, Tibrewal S, Kekunnaya R, Sachdeva V
Strabismus 2021 Mar;29(1):42-50. Epub 2021 Jan 20 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2020.1871378. PMID: 33470875
Gazulla J, Orduna-Hospital E, Benavente I, Rodríguez-Valle A, Osorio-Caicedo P, Alvarez-de Andrés S, García-González E, Fraile-Rodrigo J, Fernández-Tirado FJ, Berciano J
J Neurol 2020 Aug;267(8):2288-2295. Epub 2020 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09840-1. PMID: 32314013
Karlin JN, Rootman DB
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020 Feb;73(2):357-362. Epub 2019 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.07.018. PMID: 31488378
Kim JH, Hwang JM, Hwang YS, Kim KJ, Chae J
Ophthalmology 2003 Jul;110(7):1458-62. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00460-3. PMID: 12867410

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...