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Genome Assemblies

The GRC has built tools to facilitate the curation of genome assemblies based on the sequence overlaps of long, high quality sequences (clones and PCR products, not short sequence reads). The GRC currently supports production of assemblies for human, mouse or zebrafish. If your assembly data fits this model and you are interested in using these tools, please contact us. Subscribe to the grc-announce email list to receive email notification for all GRC assembly updates.

Human

Human

The human genome assembly was produced as part of the Human Genome Project (HGP). The previous assembly (NCBI36) was the last one produced by the HGP and was described in 2004 (PMID: 15496913); this was the starting point for the GRC. The assembly is based largely on assembling overlapping clone sequences.

Human assembly information
Current major assembly GRCh38
Regions with alternate loci 178
Assembly N50 67,794,873 bp
Remaining gaps 875
Patch release version p14
Patches released FIX: 164, NOVEL: 90
Mouse

Mouse

The GRC has produced an updated assembly (GRCm38). This is an update of the last MGSC assembly (MGSCv37) which was described in 2009 (PMID: 19468303). The primary assembly is based on assembling overlapping BAC clones derived from the C57BL/6J strain and several loci have sequence available from other strains.

Mouse assembly information
Current major assembly GRCm39
Regions with alternate loci 0
Assembly N50 106,145,001 bp
Remaining gaps 347
Patch release version None
Patches released FIX: 0, NOVEL: 0
Zebrafish

Zebrafish

The zebrafish genome assembly was produced at the Wellcome Sanger Institute. The last assembly produced from the original project was Zv9 and was described in 2013 (PMID: 23594743). This assembly is the starting point for the GRC. The assembly is based on assembling overlapping BAC clones and integrating these sequences with the whole genome shotgun assembly.

Zebrafish assembly information
Current major assembly GRCz11
Regions with alternate loci 607
Assembly N50 7,379,053 bp
Remaining gaps 18,736
Rat

Rat

GRCr8 was generated by Dr. Peter Doris (University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston) with colleagues Theodore Kalbfleisch (University of Kentucky) and Melissa Smith (University of Louisville) in the NHGRI-funded "Inbred Rat Genomes Project". The assembly is based on PacBio HiFi sequences from a BN/NHsdMcwi male rat. The assembly was gap filled using contigs from the PacBio CLR reads produced for mRatBN7.2. Additional short read genomic sequence from a BN/NHsdMcwi rat in the Hybrid Rat Diversity Program at the Medical College of Wisconsin were used for assembly polishing.

Rat assembly information
Current major assembly GRCr8
Regions with alternate loci 0
Assembly N50 137,014,596 bp
Remaining gaps 220
Chicken

Chicken

The chicken genome assembly was produced by the International Chicken Genome Consortium. Gallus_gallus-5.0 is the latest assembly produced from this project. This assembly is the starting point for the GRC. It is comprised primarily of WGS contigs, into which overlapping genomic clones from the same DNA source have been integrated.

Chicken assembly information
Current major assembly GRCg6a
Regions with alternate loci 0
Assembly N50 20,785,086 bp
Remaining gaps 946