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Baralle-Macken syndrome(BARMACS)

MedGen UID:
1778777
Concept ID:
C5543241
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH CATARACTS AND VARIABLE MICROCEPHALY
 
Gene (location): COPB1 (11p15.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0031002
OMIM®: 619255

Definition

Baralle-Macken syndrome (BARMACS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy, difficulty walking or inability to walk, and impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech. Affected individuals develop early-onset cataracts; some may have microcephaly. Additional more variable features may include dysmorphic facial features, metabolic abnormalities, spasticity, and lymphopenia (summary by Macken et al., 2021). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Urinary incontinence
MedGen UID:
22579
Concept ID:
C0042024
Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Pes planus
MedGen UID:
42034
Concept ID:
C0016202
Anatomical Abnormality
A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.
Tapered finger
MedGen UID:
98098
Concept ID:
C0426886
Finding
The gradual reduction in girth of the finger from proximal to distal.
Obesity
MedGen UID:
18127
Concept ID:
C0028754
Disease or Syndrome
Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Spasticity
MedGen UID:
7753
Concept ID:
C0026838
Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Intellectual disability, severe
MedGen UID:
48638
Concept ID:
C0036857
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.
Migraine
MedGen UID:
57451
Concept ID:
C0149931
Disease or Syndrome
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic attacks of headache and associated symptoms.
Delayed ability to walk
MedGen UID:
66034
Concept ID:
C0241726
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Global brain atrophy
MedGen UID:
66840
Concept ID:
C0241816
Pathologic Function
Unlocalized atrophy of the brain with decreased total brain matter volume and increased ventricular size.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Inability to walk
MedGen UID:
107860
Concept ID:
C0560046
Finding
Incapability to ambulate.
Focal-onset seizure
MedGen UID:
199670
Concept ID:
C0751495
Disease or Syndrome
A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.
Absent speech
MedGen UID:
340737
Concept ID:
C1854882
Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Kyphosis
MedGen UID:
44042
Concept ID:
C0022821
Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Neonatal hypotonia
MedGen UID:
412209
Concept ID:
C2267233
Disease or Syndrome
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Upslanted palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
98390
Concept ID:
C0423109
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.
High, narrow palate
MedGen UID:
324787
Concept ID:
C1837404
Finding
The presence of a high and narrow palate.
Acanthosis nigricans
MedGen UID:
54
Concept ID:
C0000889
Disease or Syndrome
A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck.
Hirsutism
MedGen UID:
42461
Concept ID:
C0019572
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair).
Striae distensae
MedGen UID:
57541
Concept ID:
C0152459
Acquired Abnormality
Thinned, erythematous, depressed bands of atrophic skin. Initially, striae appear as flattened and thinned, pinkish linear regions of the skin. Striae tend to enlarge in length and become reddish or purplish. Later, striae tend to appear as white, depressed bands that are parallel to the lines of skin tension. Striae distensae occur most often in areas that have been subject to distension such as the lower back, buttocks, thighs, breast, abdomen, and shoulders.
Cafe-au-lait spot
MedGen UID:
113157
Concept ID:
C0221263
Finding
Cafe-au-lait spots are hyperpigmented lesions that can vary in color from light brown to dark brown with smooth borders and having a size of 1.5 cm or more in adults and 0.5 cm or more in children.
Cataract
MedGen UID:
39462
Concept ID:
C0086543
Disease or Syndrome
A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Dziewit M, Lesiak A, Reich A, Olesińska M
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Diagnosis

Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Dziewit M, Lesiak A, Reich A, Olesińska M
Front Immunol 2024;15:1351675. Epub 2024 Jun 3 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1351675. PMID: 38887288Free PMC Article
Tibesar RJ, Scott AR
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2024 Feb;32(1):141-156. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2023.07.002. PMID: 37981410
Klein SD, Nisbet A, Kalish JM
Curr Opin Pediatr 2023 Dec 1;35(6):620-630. Epub 2023 Oct 4 doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001298. PMID: 37791807Free PMC Article
Koster MJ, Samec MJ, Warrington KJ
J Clin Rheumatol 2023 Sep 1;29(6):298-306. Epub 2022 Oct 17 doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001905. PMID: 36251488
Meier-Schiesser B, French LE
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021 Mar;19(3):400-426. Epub 2021 Feb 23 doi: 10.1111/ddg.14332. PMID: 33620111

Therapy

Saha S, Roy P, Corbitt C, Kakar SS
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Prognosis

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Clinical prediction guides

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Recent systematic reviews

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