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Sponastrime dysplasia(SEMDSP)

MedGen UID:
266247
Concept ID:
C1300260
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Short limb dwarfism with saddle nose, spinal alterations, and metaphyseal striation; Spondylar and nasal alterations with striated metaphyses; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Sponastrime type
SNOMED CT: Sponastrime dysplasia (389161008)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): TONSL (8q24.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010068
OMIM®: 271510
Orphanet: ORPHA93357

Definition

Sponastrime dysplasia is an autosomal recessive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) named for characteristic clinical and radiographic findings, including spine (spondylar) abnormalities, midface hypoplasia with a depressed nasal bridge, and striation of the metaphyses. Additional features include disproportionate short stature with exaggerated lumbar lordosis, scoliosis, coxa vara, limited elbow extension, small dysplastic epiphyses, childhood cataracts, short dental roots, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Radiographically, the abnormalities of the lumbar vertebral bodies are suggested to be the most specific finding because the characteristic metaphyseal striations may not be apparent at young ages. Striking clinical variability in presentation, severity, and associated features has been observed (summary by Burrage et al., 2019). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Brachydactyly
MedGen UID:
67454
Concept ID:
C0221357
Congenital Abnormality
Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.
Genu varum
MedGen UID:
154257
Concept ID:
C0544755
Finding
A positional abnormality marked by outward bowing of the legs in which the knees stay wide apart when a person stands with the feet and ankles together.
Mesomelia
MedGen UID:
107808
Concept ID:
C0549306
Congenital Abnormality
Shortening of the middle parts of the limbs (forearm and lower leg) in relation to the upper and terminal segments.
Genu valgum
MedGen UID:
154364
Concept ID:
C0576093
Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Delayed ossification of carpal bones
MedGen UID:
374771
Concept ID:
C1841684
Finding
Ossification of carpal bones occurs later than age-adjusted norms.
Rhizomelia
MedGen UID:
357122
Concept ID:
C1866730
Congenital Abnormality
Disproportionate shortening of the proximal segment of limbs (i.e. the femur and humerus).
Limited elbow extension
MedGen UID:
401158
Concept ID:
C1867103
Finding
Limited ability to straighten the arm at the elbow joint.
Coxa vara
MedGen UID:
1790477
Concept ID:
C5551440
Anatomical Abnormality
Coxa vara includes all forms of decrease of the femoral neck shaft angle (the angle between the neck and the shaft of the femur) to less than 120 degrees.
Disproportionate short-limb short stature
MedGen UID:
342370
Concept ID:
C1849937
Finding
A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short limbs but an average-sized trunk.
Chiari malformation
MedGen UID:
2065
Concept ID:
C0003803
Congenital Abnormality
Chiari malformation consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of CSF outflow.
Intellectual disability, progressive
MedGen UID:
337397
Concept ID:
C1846149
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
The term progressive intellectual disability should be used if intelligence decreases/deteriorates over time.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Osteopenia
MedGen UID:
18222
Concept ID:
C0029453
Disease or Syndrome
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Frontal bossing
MedGen UID:
67453
Concept ID:
C0221354
Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia
MedGen UID:
609408
Concept ID:
C0432211
Disease or Syndrome
An osteochondrodysplasia that results in abnormalities of bone growth in the vertebral column, epiphysis, and metaphysis.
Delayed skeletal maturation
MedGen UID:
108148
Concept ID:
C0541764
Finding
A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.
Kyphoscoliosis
MedGen UID:
154361
Concept ID:
C0575158
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane.
Thoracic kyphosis
MedGen UID:
263148
Concept ID:
C1184919
Finding
Over curvature of the thoracic region, leading to a round back or if sever to a hump.
Lumbar hyperlordosis
MedGen UID:
263149
Concept ID:
C1184923
Finding
An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.
Narrow vertebral interpedicular distance
MedGen UID:
318662
Concept ID:
C1832598
Finding
A reduction of the distance between vertebral pedicles, which are the two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the vertebral body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces.
Metaphyseal irregularity
MedGen UID:
325478
Concept ID:
C1838662
Finding
Irregularity of the normally smooth surface of the metaphyses.
Flat capital femoral epiphysis
MedGen UID:
334001
Concept ID:
C1842155
Finding
An abnormal flattening of the proximal epiphysis of the femur.
Platyspondyly
MedGen UID:
335010
Concept ID:
C1844704
Finding
A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.
Small epiphyses
MedGen UID:
339612
Concept ID:
C1846803
Finding
Reduction in the size or volume of epiphyses.
Metaphyseal widening
MedGen UID:
341364
Concept ID:
C1849039
Finding
Abnormal widening of the metaphyseal regions of long bones.
Relative macrocephaly
MedGen UID:
338607
Concept ID:
C1849075
Congenital Abnormality
A relatively mild degree of macrocephaly in which the head circumference is not above two standard deviations from the mean, but appears dysproportionately large when other factors such as body stature are taken into account.
Lumbar interpedicular narrowing
MedGen UID:
341376
Concept ID:
C1849079
Finding
Narrowing (becoming gradually narrower) of the distance between lumbar vertebral pedicles that gets progressively more severe towards to caudal (lower) end of the vertebral column.
Metaphyseal striations
MedGen UID:
376512
Concept ID:
C1849081
Finding
Longitudinal densities on radiographs located in a metaphysis (the narrow region of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis).
Biconcave vertebral bodies
MedGen UID:
383834
Concept ID:
C1856087
Finding
Exaggerated concavity of the anterior or posterior surface of the vertebral body, i.e., the upper and lower vertebral endplates are hollowed inward.
Malar flattening
MedGen UID:
347616
Concept ID:
C1858085
Finding
Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.
Subglottic stenosis
MedGen UID:
68668
Concept ID:
C0238441
Anatomical Abnormality
Laryngotracheomalacia
MedGen UID:
107947
Concept ID:
C0585984
Anatomical Abnormality
Neutropenia
MedGen UID:
163121
Concept ID:
C0853697
Finding
An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.
Decreased circulating IgG concentration
MedGen UID:
1720114
Concept ID:
C5234937
Finding
An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in blood.
Bulbous nose
MedGen UID:
66013
Concept ID:
C0240543
Finding
Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.
Abnormality of the dentition
MedGen UID:
78084
Concept ID:
C0262444
Finding
Any abnormality of the teeth.
Mandibular prognathia
MedGen UID:
98316
Concept ID:
C0399526
Finding
Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Midface retrusion
MedGen UID:
339938
Concept ID:
C1853242
Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Short nose
MedGen UID:
343052
Concept ID:
C1854114
Finding
Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.
Short dental root
MedGen UID:
437181
Concept ID:
C2678330
Finding
Tooth root length more than 2 SD below mean, or subjectively apparently decreased tooth root length.
Congenital hypothyroidism
MedGen UID:
41344
Concept ID:
C0010308
Disease or Syndrome
Congenital hypothyroidism is a partial or complete loss of function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) that affects infants from birth (congenital). The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped tissue in the lower neck. It makes iodine-containing hormones that play an important role in regulating growth, brain development, and the rate of chemical reactions in the body (metabolism). People with congenital hypothyroidism have lower-than-normal levels of these important hormones.\n\nSigns and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism result from the shortage of thyroid hormones. Affected babies may show no features of the condition, although some babies with congenital hypothyroidism are less active and sleep more than normal. They may have difficulty feeding and experience constipation. If untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disability and slow growth. In the United States and many other countries, all hospitals test newborns for congenital hypothyroidism. If treatment begins in the first two weeks after birth, infants usually develop normally.\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly. In 80 to 85 percent of cases, the thyroid gland is absent, severely reduced in size (hypoplastic), or abnormally located. These cases are classified as thyroid dysgenesis. In the remainder of cases, a normal-sized or enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) is present, but production of thyroid hormones is decreased or absent. Most of these cases occur when one of several steps in the hormone synthesis process is impaired; these cases are classified as thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Less commonly, reduction or absence of thyroid hormone production is caused by impaired stimulation of the production process (which is normally done by a structure at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland), even though the process itself is unimpaired. These cases are classified as central (or pituitary) hypothyroidism.\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism can also occur as part of syndromes that affect other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. Some common forms of syndromic hypothyroidism include Pendred syndrome, Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome, and brain-lung-thyroid syndrome.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Posterior subcapsular cataract
MedGen UID:
163646
Concept ID:
C0858617
Acquired Abnormality
A type of cataract affecting the posterior pole of lens immediately adjacent to ('beneath') the Lens capsule.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSponastrime dysplasia
Follow this link to review classifications for Sponastrime dysplasia in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Sulko J, Kozlowski K
J Pediatr Orthop B 2008 Nov;17(6):323-7. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e328311d357. PMID: 18841068
Cooper HA, Crowe J, Butler MG
Am J Med Genet 2000 May 1;92(1):33-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000501)92:1<33::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-u. PMID: 10797420Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Burrage LC, Reynolds JJ, Baratang NV, Phillips JB, Wegner J, McFarquhar A, Higgs MR, Christiansen AE, Lanza DG, Seavitt JR, Jain M, Li X, Parry DA, Raman V, Chitayat D, Chinn IK, Bertuch AA, Karaviti L, Schlesinger AE, Earl D, Bamshad M, Savarirayan R, Doddapaneni H, Muzny D, Jhangiani SN, Eng CM, Gibbs RA, Bi W, Emrick L, Rosenfeld JA, Postlethwait J, Westerfield M, Dickinson ME, Beaudet AL, Ranza E, Huber C, Cormier-Daire V, Shen W, Mao R, Heaney JD, Orange JS; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Bertola D, Yamamoto GL, Baratela WAR, Butler MG, Ali A, Adeli M, Cohn DH, Krakow D, Jackson AP, Lees M, Offiah AC, Carlston CM, Carey JC, Stewart GS, Bacino CA, Campeau PM, Lee B
Am J Hum Genet 2019 Mar 7;104(3):422-438. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.007. PMID: 30773277Free PMC Article
Jeong JH, Lee AL, Cho SY, Jin DK, Im SB
Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 May;95(18):e3155. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003155. PMID: 27149441Free PMC Article
Gripp KW, Johnson C, Scott CI Jr, Nicholson L, Bober M, Butler MG, Shaw L, Gorlin RJ
Am J Med Genet A 2008 Feb 15;146A(4):468-73. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32155. PMID: 18203204Free PMC Article
Cooper HA, Crowe J, Butler MG
Am J Med Genet 2000 May 1;92(1):33-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000501)92:1<33::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-u. PMID: 10797420Free PMC Article
Langer LO Jr, Beals RK, LaFranchi S, Scott CI Jr, Sockalosky JJ
Am J Med Genet 1996 May 3;63(1):20-7. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960503)63:1<20::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-W. PMID: 8723082

Therapy

Umpaichitra V, Wallerstein R, Castells S
Clin Dysmorphol 2002 Jan;11(1):53-6. doi: 10.1097/00019605-200201000-00011. PMID: 11822706

Prognosis

Micale L, Cialfi S, Fusco C, Cinque L, Castellana S, Biagini T, Talora C, Notarangelo A, Bisceglia L, Taruscio D, Salvatore M, Castori M
Hum Mol Genet 2020 Nov 4;29(18):3122-3131. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa195. PMID: 32959051

Clinical prediction guides

Micale L, Cialfi S, Fusco C, Cinque L, Castellana S, Biagini T, Talora C, Notarangelo A, Bisceglia L, Taruscio D, Salvatore M, Castori M
Hum Mol Genet 2020 Nov 4;29(18):3122-3131. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa195. PMID: 32959051

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