U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Vaginitis

MedGen UID:
21815
•Concept ID:
C0042267
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Vaginitides
SNOMED CT: Inflammation of vagina (30800001); Vaginitis (30800001)
 
HPO: HP:0030683
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002234

Definition

Inflammation of the vagina that can result from a spectrum of conditions that cause vaginal and sometimes vulvar symptoms, such as itching, burning, irritation, odor, and vaginal discharge. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evaluation and Treatment of Vulvodynia: State of the Science.
Schlaeger JM, Glayzer JE, Villegas-Downs M, Li H, Glayzer EJ, He Y, Takayama M, Yajima H, Takakura N, Kobak WH, McFarlin BL
J Midwifery Womens Health 2023 Jan;68(1):9-34. Epub 2022 Dec 19 doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13456. PMID: 36533637Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Management of Vaginitis.
Marnach ML, Wygant JN, Casey PM
Mayo Clin Proc 2022 Feb;97(2):347-358. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.022. PMID: 35120697
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Paladine HL, Desai UA
Am Fam Physician 2018 Mar 1;97(5):321-329. PMID: 29671516

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Infectious Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
Shroff S
Med Clin North Am 2023 Mar;107(2):299-315. Epub 2022 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.009. PMID: 36759099
Vaginal trichomoniasis.
Cenkowski M, Wudel B, Poliquin V
CMAJ 2022 Feb 14;194(6):E217. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.211088. PMID: 35165134Free PMC Article
Infections During Pregnancy.
Leeper C, Lutzkanin A 3rd
Prim Care 2018 Sep;45(3):567-586. Epub 2018 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.013. PMID: 30115342
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Paladine HL, Desai UA
Am Fam Physician 2018 Mar 1;97(5):321-329. PMID: 29671516
Dysuria: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis in Adults.
Michels TC, Sands JE
Am Fam Physician 2015 Nov 1;92(9):778-86. PMID: 26554471

Diagnosis

Trichomoniasis.
Van Gerwen OT, Opsteen SA, Graves KJ, Muzny CA
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2023 Jun;37(2):245-265. Epub 2023 Mar 31 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.001. PMID: 37005163Free PMC Article
Infectious Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
Shroff S
Med Clin North Am 2023 Mar;107(2):299-315. Epub 2022 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.009. PMID: 36759099
Recent Advances in Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment for Mixed Vaginitis.
Qi W, Li H, Wang C, Li H, Zhang B, Dong M, Fan A, Han C, Xue F
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:759795. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.759795. PMID: 34796129Free PMC Article
Vaginitis in Nonpregnant Patients: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 215.
Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jan;135(1):e1-e17. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003604. PMID: 31856123
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Paladine HL, Desai UA
Am Fam Physician 2018 Mar 1;97(5):321-329. PMID: 29671516

Therapy

Comparing the Effect of Probiotic and Fluconazole on Treatment and Recurrence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: a Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
Mollazadeh-Narestan Z, Yavarikia P, Homayouni-Rad A, Samadi Kafil H, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Gholizadeh P, Mirghafourvand M
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023 Oct;15(5):1436-1446. Epub 2022 Oct 5 doi: 10.1007/s12602-022-09997-3. PMID: 36198994Free PMC Article
Vaginitis in Nonpregnant Patients: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 215.
Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jan;135(1):e1-e17. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003604. PMID: 31856123
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Paladine HL, Desai UA
Am Fam Physician 2018 Mar 1;97(5):321-329. PMID: 29671516
Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women.
Lethaby A, Ayeleke RO, Roberts H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Aug 31;2016(8):CD001500. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001500.pub3. PMID: 27577677Free PMC Article
Vaginal estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review.
Rahn DD, Carberry C, Sanses TV, Mamik MM, Ward RM, Meriwether KV, Olivera CK, Abed H, Balk EM, Murphy M; Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group
Obstet Gynecol 2014 Dec;124(6):1147-1156. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000526. PMID: 25415166Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Current patient perspectives of vulvovaginal candidiasis: incidence, symptoms, management and post-treatment outcomes.
Yano J, Sobel JD, Nyirjesy P, Sobel R, Williams VL, Yu Q, Noverr MC, Fidel PL Jr
BMC Womens Health 2019 Mar 29;19(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0748-8. PMID: 30925872Free PMC Article
Vaginitis: Beyond the Basics.
Mills BB
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2017 Jun;44(2):159-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.010. PMID: 28499528
Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.
van Schalkwyk J, Yudin MH; INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMMITTEE
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015 Mar;37(3):266-274. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30316-9. PMID: 26001874
Emphysematous vaginitis.
Lima-Silva J, Vieira-Baptista P, Cavaco-Gomes J, Maia T, Beires J
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2015 Apr;19(2):e43-4. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000092. PMID: 25551590
Topical antifungal agents.
Ernest JM
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1992 Sep;19(3):587-607. PMID: 1436934

Clinical prediction guides

Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review.
Tuddenham S, Hamill MM, Ghanem KG
JAMA 2022 Jan 11;327(2):161-172. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.23487. PMID: 35015033
Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger.
Donders GGG, Bellen G, Grinceviciene S, Ruban K, Vieira-Baptista P
Res Microbiol 2017 Nov-Dec;168(9-10):845-858. Epub 2017 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.004. PMID: 28502874
Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.
van Schalkwyk J, Yudin MH; INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMMITTEE
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015 Mar;37(3):266-274. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30316-9. PMID: 26001874
Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation.
Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL
J Clin Microbiol 1991 Feb;29(2):297-301. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991. PMID: 1706728Free PMC Article
Vaginal infection.
Eschenbach DA
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Mar;26(1):186-202. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00023. PMID: 6340892

Recent systematic reviews

Hyaluronic Acid in Postmenopause Vaginal Atrophy: A Systematic Review.
Dos Santos CCM, Uggioni MLR, Colonetti T, Colonetti L, Grande AJ, Da Rosa MI
J Sex Med 2021 Jan;18(1):156-166. Epub 2020 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.016. PMID: 33293236
Clinical Recommendation: Vulvovaginitis.
Zuckerman A, Romano M
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016 Dec;29(6):673-679. Epub 2016 Sep 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.08.002. PMID: 27969009
Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women.
Lethaby A, Ayeleke RO, Roberts H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Aug 31;2016(8):CD001500. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001500.pub3. PMID: 27577677Free PMC Article
Candidiasis (vulvovaginal).
Martin Lopez JE
BMJ Clin Evid 2015 Mar 16;2015 PMID: 25775428Free PMC Article
Vaginal estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review.
Rahn DD, Carberry C, Sanses TV, Mamik MM, Ward RM, Meriwether KV, Olivera CK, Abed H, Balk EM, Murphy M; Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group
Obstet Gynecol 2014 Dec;124(6):1147-1156. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000526. PMID: 25415166Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...