U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)

MedGen UID:
7179
•Concept ID:
C0022336
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
SNOMED CT: CJD - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (792004); JCD - Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (792004); Transmissible virus dementia (792004); Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (792004); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (792004); Subacute spongiform encephalopathy (792004)
 
Related genes: PRNP, HLA-DQB1
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005357
OMIM®: 123400; 176640

Definition

Prion disease represents a group of conditions that affect the nervous system in humans and animals. In people, these conditions impair brain function, causing changes in memory, personality, and behavior; a decline in intellectual function (dementia); and abnormal movements, particularly difficulty with coordinating movements (ataxia). The signs and symptoms of prion disease typically begin in adulthood and worsen with time, leading to death within a few months to several years. [from MedlinePlus Genetics]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Genetic counseling for prion disease: Updates and best practices.
Goldman JS, Vallabh SM
Genet Med 2022 Oct;24(10):1993-2003. Epub 2022 Jul 12 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.06.003. PMID: 35819418
Symptomatic treatment, care, and support of CJD patients.
Appleby BS, Yobs DR
Handb Clin Neurol 2018;153:399-408. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63945-5.00021-0. PMID: 29887147
Hashimoto's encephalopathy : epidemiology, pathogenesis and management.
Mocellin R, Walterfang M, Velakoulis D
CNS Drugs 2007;21(10):799-811. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200721100-00002. PMID: 17850170

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Non-human primates in prion diseases.
Comoy EE, Mikol J, Deslys JP
Cell Tissue Res 2023 Apr;392(1):7-20. Epub 2022 Jun 4 doi: 10.1007/s00441-022-03644-7. PMID: 35661921
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a systematic review of global incidence, prevalence, infectivity, and incubation.
Uttley L, Carroll C, Wong R, Hilton DA, Stevenson M
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Jan;20(1):e2-e10. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30615-2. PMID: 31876504
Prion Disease.
Baldwin KJ, Correll CM
Semin Neurol 2019 Aug;39(4):428-439. Epub 2019 Sep 18 doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1687841. PMID: 31533183
Prion Diseases.
Tee BL, Longoria Ibarrola EM, Geschwind MD
Neurol Clin 2018 Nov;36(4):865-897. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2018.07.005. PMID: 30366560
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
de Villemeur TB
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;112:1191-3. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52910-7.00040-4. PMID: 23622328

Diagnosis

Laboratory Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
Zerr I
N Engl J Med 2022 Apr 7;386(14):1345-1350. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2119323. PMID: 35388668
Biomarkers and diagnostic guidelines for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Hermann P, Appleby B, Brandel JP, Caughey B, Collins S, Geschwind MD, Green A, Haïk S, Kovacs GG, Ladogana A, Llorens F, Mead S, Nishida N, Pal S, Parchi P, Pocchiari M, Satoh K, Zanusso G, Zerr I
Lancet Neurol 2021 Mar;20(3):235-246. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30477-4. PMID: 33609480Free PMC Article
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
Le VH
J Am Osteopath Assoc 2019 Jan 1;119(1):63. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.010. PMID: 30615045
Prion diseases.
Ironside JW, Ritchie DL, Head MW
Handb Clin Neurol 2017;145:393-403. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00028-6. PMID: 28987186
CJD: Understanding Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Vacca VM Jr
Nursing 2016 Mar;46(3):36-42; quiz 42-3. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000480598.84274.0f. PMID: 26840797

Therapy

Biomarkers and diagnostic guidelines for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Hermann P, Appleby B, Brandel JP, Caughey B, Collins S, Geschwind MD, Green A, Haïk S, Kovacs GG, Ladogana A, Llorens F, Mead S, Nishida N, Pal S, Parchi P, Pocchiari M, Satoh K, Zanusso G, Zerr I
Lancet Neurol 2021 Mar;20(3):235-246. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30477-4. PMID: 33609480Free PMC Article
Clinical trials.
Mead S, Tagliavini F
Handb Clin Neurol 2018;153:431-444. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63945-5.00024-6. PMID: 29887150
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Brandel JP, Knight R
Handb Clin Neurol 2018;153:191-205. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63945-5.00011-8. PMID: 29887136
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Ironside JW
Haemophilia 2010 Jul;16 Suppl 5:175-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02317.x. PMID: 20590878
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Weinstein M
Neurol Res 1992 Sep;14(4):355-6. doi: 10.1080/01616412.1992.11740084. PMID: 1360634

Prognosis

Biomarkers and diagnostic guidelines for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Hermann P, Appleby B, Brandel JP, Caughey B, Collins S, Geschwind MD, Green A, Haïk S, Kovacs GG, Ladogana A, Llorens F, Mead S, Nishida N, Pal S, Parchi P, Pocchiari M, Satoh K, Zanusso G, Zerr I
Lancet Neurol 2021 Mar;20(3):235-246. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30477-4. PMID: 33609480Free PMC Article
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a systematic review of global incidence, prevalence, infectivity, and incubation.
Uttley L, Carroll C, Wong R, Hilton DA, Stevenson M
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Jan;20(1):e2-e10. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30615-2. PMID: 31876504
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
Narula R, Tinaz S
N Engl J Med 2018 Jan 25;378(4):e7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm1710121. PMID: 29365304
Infections of the cerebellum.
Pruitt AA
Neurol Clin 2014 Nov;32(4):1117-31. Epub 2014 Oct 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.07.009. PMID: 25439297
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Weinstein M
Neurol Res 1992 Sep;14(4):355-6. doi: 10.1080/01616412.1992.11740084. PMID: 1360634

Clinical prediction guides

Prediction of clinical progression in nervous system diseases: plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Zheng X, Yang J, Hou Y, Shi X, Liu K
Eur J Med Res 2024 Jan 12;29(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01631-4. PMID: 38216970Free PMC Article
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a systematic review of global incidence, prevalence, infectivity, and incubation.
Uttley L, Carroll C, Wong R, Hilton DA, Stevenson M
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Jan;20(1):e2-e10. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30615-2. PMID: 31876504
Infections of the cerebellum.
Pruitt AA
Neurol Clin 2014 Nov;32(4):1117-31. Epub 2014 Oct 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.07.009. PMID: 25439297
EEG in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Wieser HG, Schindler K, Zumsteg D
Clin Neurophysiol 2006 May;117(5):935-51. Epub 2006 Jan 25 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.007. PMID: 16442343
Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease.
Matthews WB
Postgrad Med J 1978 Sep;54(635):591-4. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.54.635.591. PMID: 103082Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Systematic Review of Clinical and Pathophysiological Features of Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Caused by a Val-to-Ile Mutation at Codon 180 in the Prion Protein Gene.
Matsubayashi T, Sanjo N
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Dec 2;23(23) doi: 10.3390/ijms232315172. PMID: 36499498Free PMC Article
Systematic review of pharmacological management in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: no options so far?
Miranda LHL, Oliveira AFPH, Carvalho DM, Souza GMF, Magalhães JGM, Júnior JAC, Lima PTMBQ, Júnior RMA, Filho SPL, Melo HMA
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2022 Aug;80(8):837-844. Epub 2022 Oct 17 doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1755341. PMID: 36252593Free PMC Article
Tics in patients with encephalitis.
Badenoch J, Searle T, Watson I, Cavanna AE
Neurol Sci 2021 Apr;42(4):1311-1323. Epub 2021 Jan 23 doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05065-w. PMID: 33486621Free PMC Article
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a systematic review of global incidence, prevalence, infectivity, and incubation.
Uttley L, Carroll C, Wong R, Hilton DA, Stevenson M
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Jan;20(1):e2-e10. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30615-2. PMID: 31876504
Risk of transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by surgical procedures: systematic reviews and quality of evidence.
López FJG, Ruiz-Tovar M, Almazán-Isla J, Alcalde-Cabero E, Calero M, de Pedro-Cuesta J
Euro Surveill 2017 Oct;22(43) doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.43.16-00806. PMID: 29090678Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Reviews

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...