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Myxedema

MedGen UID:
6506
•Concept ID:
C0027145
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Myxedemas
SNOMED CT: Myxedema (43153006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009718
OMIM®: 255900

Definition

A condition characterized by severe hypothyroidism that is caused by autoimmune thyroid gland disorders, surgical reduction of thyroid tissue, radiation exposure, and viral infections. Signs and symptoms include generalized fatigue, lethargy, increased body weight, pale, edematous and thickened skin, low blood pressure, constipation and cold intolerance. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMyxedema

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Wilson SA, Stem LA, Bruehlman RD
Am Fam Physician 2021 May 15;103(10):605-613. PMID: 33983002
Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005. PMID: 30309693Free PMC Article
Myxedema coma: diagnosis and treatment.
Wall CR
Am Fam Physician 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2485-90. PMID: 11130234

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Autoimmune Thyroiditis Shifting from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis to Graves' Disease.
Daramjav N, Takagi J, Iwayama H, Uchino K, Inukai D, Otake K, Ogawa T, Takami A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Apr 13;59(4) doi: 10.3390/medicina59040757. PMID: 37109715Free PMC Article
Graves' disease: Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy.
Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Gonnella D, Giusti C, Virili C, Centanni M, Shoenfeld Y, Ferrari SM
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jan;34(1):101388. Epub 2020 Feb 4 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388. PMID: 32059832
Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005. PMID: 30309693Free PMC Article
A diagnostic scoring system for myxedema coma.
Popoveniuc G, Chandra T, Sud A, Sharma M, Blackman MR, Burman KD, Mete M, Desale S, Wartofsky L
Endocr Pract 2014 Aug;20(8):808-17. doi: 10.4158/EP13460.OR. PMID: 24518183
Myxedema coma: diagnosis and treatment.
Wall CR
Am Fam Physician 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2485-90. PMID: 11130234

Diagnosis

Hypothyroidism.
McDermott MT
Ann Intern Med 2020 Jul 7;173(1):ITC1-ITC16. doi: 10.7326/AITC202007070. PMID: 32628881
Thyroid emergencies.
Ylli D, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Wartofsky L
Pol Arch Intern Med 2019 Aug 29;129(7-8):526-534. Epub 2019 Jun 25 doi: 10.20452/pamw.14876. PMID: 31237256Free PMC Article
Thyroid Emergencies.
Leung AM
J Infus Nurs 2016 Sep-Oct;39(5):281-6. doi: 10.1097/NAN.0000000000000186. PMID: 27598067Free PMC Article
Thyroid emergencies.
Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Wartofsky L
Med Clin North Am 2012 Mar;96(2):385-403. Epub 2012 Feb 17 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.01.015. PMID: 22443982
Myxedema coma: diagnosis and treatment.
Wall CR
Am Fam Physician 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2485-90. PMID: 11130234

Therapy

Hypothyroidism.
McDermott MT
Ann Intern Med 2020 Jul 7;173(1):ITC1-ITC16. doi: 10.7326/AITC202007070. PMID: 32628881
Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005. PMID: 30309693Free PMC Article
Myxedema Coma.
Munir A
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2018 Jan-Mar;30(1):119-120. PMID: 29504346
Thyroid emergencies.
Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Wartofsky L
Med Clin North Am 2012 Mar;96(2):385-403. Epub 2012 Feb 17 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.01.015. PMID: 22443982
Myxedema coma: diagnosis and treatment.
Wall CR
Am Fam Physician 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2485-90. PMID: 11130234

Prognosis

Autoimmune Thyroiditis Shifting from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis to Graves' Disease.
Daramjav N, Takagi J, Iwayama H, Uchino K, Inukai D, Otake K, Ogawa T, Takami A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Apr 13;59(4) doi: 10.3390/medicina59040757. PMID: 37109715Free PMC Article
Thyroid gland and brain: Enigma of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Churilov LP, Sobolevskaia PA, Stroev YI
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Dec;33(6):101364. Epub 2019 Nov 23 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101364. PMID: 31801687
Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005. PMID: 30309693Free PMC Article
A diagnostic scoring system for myxedema coma.
Popoveniuc G, Chandra T, Sud A, Sharma M, Blackman MR, Burman KD, Mete M, Desale S, Wartofsky L
Endocr Pract 2014 Aug;20(8):808-17. doi: 10.4158/EP13460.OR. PMID: 24518183
Myxedema coma: diagnosis and treatment.
Wall CR
Am Fam Physician 2000 Dec 1;62(11):2485-90. PMID: 11130234

Clinical prediction guides

Autoimmune Thyroiditis Shifting from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis to Graves' Disease.
Daramjav N, Takagi J, Iwayama H, Uchino K, Inukai D, Otake K, Ogawa T, Takami A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Apr 13;59(4) doi: 10.3390/medicina59040757. PMID: 37109715Free PMC Article
Systematic review of COVID-19 and autoimmune thyroiditis.
Tutal E, Ozaras R, Leblebicioglu H
Travel Med Infect Dis 2022 May-Jun;47:102314. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102314. PMID: 35307540Free PMC Article
Thyroid emergencies.
Ylli D, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Wartofsky L
Pol Arch Intern Med 2019 Aug 29;129(7-8):526-534. Epub 2019 Jun 25 doi: 10.20452/pamw.14876. PMID: 31237256Free PMC Article
Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005. PMID: 30309693Free PMC Article
A diagnostic scoring system for myxedema coma.
Popoveniuc G, Chandra T, Sud A, Sharma M, Blackman MR, Burman KD, Mete M, Desale S, Wartofsky L
Endocr Pract 2014 Aug;20(8):808-17. doi: 10.4158/EP13460.OR. PMID: 24518183

Recent systematic reviews

Systematic review of COVID-19 and autoimmune thyroiditis.
Tutal E, Ozaras R, Leblebicioglu H
Travel Med Infect Dis 2022 May-Jun;47:102314. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102314. PMID: 35307540Free PMC Article
Myxedema Madness - Systematic literature review of published case reports.
Krüger J, Kraschewski A, Jockers-Scherübl MC
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021 Sep-Oct;72:102-116. Epub 2021 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.08.005. PMID: 34419786
Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019 Jul;29(5):285-295. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005. PMID: 30309693Free PMC Article
WITHDRAWN: Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children.
Angermayr L, Clar C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Nov 29;11(11):CD003819. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003819.pub3. PMID: 30489630Free PMC Article
Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children.
Angermayr L, Clar C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(2):CD003819. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003819.pub2. PMID: 15106221

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