MedGen

Glycogen storage disease type 0 (also known as GSD 0) is a condition caused by the body's inability to form a complex sugar called glycogen, which is a major source of stored energy in the body. GSD 0 has two types: in muscle GSD 0, glycogen formation in the muscles is impaired, and in liver GSD 0, glycogen formation in the liver is impaired.

The signs and symptoms of muscle GSD 0 typically begin in early childhood. Affected individuals often experience muscle pain and weakness or episodes of fainting (syncope) following moderate physical activity, such as walking up stairs. The loss of consciousness that occurs with fainting typically lasts up to several hours. Some individuals with muscle GSD 0 have a disruption of the heart's normal rhythm (arrhythmia) known as long QT syndrome. In all affected individuals, muscle GSD 0 impairs the heart's ability to effectively pump blood and increases the risk of cardiac arrest and sudden death, particularly after physical activity. Sudden death from cardiac arrest can occur in childhood or adolescence in people with muscle GSD 0.

Individuals with liver GSD 0 usually show signs and symptoms of the disorder in infancy. People with this disorder develop low blood sugar (glucose), known as hypoglycemia, after going long periods of time without food (fasting). Signs of hypoglycemia become apparent when affected infants begin sleeping through the night and stop late-night feedings; these infants exhibit extreme tiredness (lethargy), pale skin (pallor), and nausea. During episodes of fasting, ketone levels in the blood may increase (ketosis). Ketones are molecules produced during the breakdown of fats, which occurs when stored sugars (such as glycogen) are unavailable. These short-term signs and symptoms of liver GSD 0 often improve when food is eaten and glucose levels in the body return to normal. The features of liver GSD 0 vary; they can be mild and go unnoticed for years, or they can include developmental delay and growth failure. [from MedlinePlus Genetics]

Individuals with liver GSD 0 usually show signs and symptoms of the disorder in infancy. People with this disorder develop low blood sugar (glucose), known as hypoglycemia, after going long periods of time without food (fasting). Signs of hypoglycemia become apparent when affected infants begin sleeping through the night and stop late-night feedings; these infants exhibit extreme tiredness (lethargy), pale skin (pallor), and nausea. During episodes of fasting, ketone levels in the blood may increase (ketosis). Ketones are molecules produced during the breakdown of fats, which occurs when stored sugars (such as glycogen) are unavailable. These short-term signs and symptoms of liver GSD 0 often improve when food is eaten and glucose levels in the body return to normal. The features of liver GSD 0 vary; they can be mild and go unnoticed for years, or they can include developmental delay and growth failure.

The signs and symptoms of muscle GSD 0 typically begin in early childhood. Affected individuals often experience muscle pain and weakness or episodes of fainting (syncope) following moderate physical activity, such as walking up stairs. The loss of consciousness that occurs with fainting typically lasts up to several hours. Some individuals with muscle GSD 0 have a disruption of the heart's normal rhythm (arrhythmia) known as long QT syndrome. In all affected individuals, muscle GSD 0 impairs the heart's ability to effectively pump blood and increases the risk of cardiac arrest and sudden death, particularly after physical activity. Sudden death from cardiac arrest can occur in childhood or adolescence in people with muscle GSD 0.

Glycogen storage disease type 0 (also known as GSD 0) is a condition caused by the body's inability to form a complex sugar called glycogen, which is a major source of stored energy in the body. GSD 0 has two types: in muscle GSD 0, glycogen formation in the muscles is impaired, and in liver GSD 0, glycogen formation in the liver is impaired. [from MedlinePlus Genetics]

Present in 0% of the cases. [from HPO]

Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator used in the treatment and management of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults. It works by targeting lymphocytes to decrease the number of circulating cells that are associated with MS symptomatic attacks and disease progression and may also have a direct neuroprotective impact. Siponimod strongly binds to the S1P type 1 and type 5 receptors that are abundantly expressed on lymphocytes and multiple other cell types in the central nervous system (CNS). Off-target interactions and effects on cardiac cells may occur, also. The use of a dose titration schedule is recommended to decrease the risk of bradycardia. This medication is approved for multiple forms of relapsing MS (RMS) in the United States and for active, secondary progressive disease in Europe and Canada. Siponimod is metabolized by members of the cytochrome P450 family, specifically CYP2C9 and, to a lesser extent CYP3A4. The CYP2C9 gene is polymorphic and activity scores are used to categorize diplotype into phenotype. Decreased CYP2C9 metabolic activity is associated with increased exposure to siponimod and increased risk of adverse effects. Therefore, individuals with the CYP2C9*3/*3 diplotype (activity score = 0) are contraindicated from taking siponimod. Individuals with one copy of the no-function *3 allele (diplotype with activity scores of 0.5 or 1.0) are advised to take half the standard maintenance dose. Consideration of genotype and activity score is essential for CYP2C9-based siponimod dosing because labeled dose recommendations are not categorized by phenotype. In the US, there is a modified titration schedule for individuals with a CYP2C9*3 allele; however, the European prescribing guidelines do not modify the titration schedule for individuals with a single copy of the CYP2C9*3 allele (heterozygous for CYP2C9*3). The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) of the Royal Dutch Association for the Advancement of Pharmacy similarly recommends a 50% reduced maintenance dosage for intermediate metabolizers (IM). It should be noted that dose recommendations in the Siponimod package label are limited to diplotypes consisting of only CYP2C9 *1,*2, and *3 alleles due to lack of clinical data on the impact of other decreased or no-function alleles, while other medication and testing guidelines also consider*5, *6, *8, and *11. [from Medical Genetics Summaries]

Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LC) type 0 is a congenital respiratory tract anomaly characterized by a submucosal laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft with minor symptoms or an asymptomatic course. [from ORDO]

A Number 0 Tessier cleft is a true median cleft lip with a broad columella and bifid nasal tip. The alveolar cleft is between the central incisors. The nasal septum may be thickened, duplicated, or absent. The nasal bridge is usually broad with associated orbital hypertelorism. The midline soft tissue anomaly may range from a mild broadening of the philtrum or there may be a true median cleft lip. The columella and nasal tip are typically bifid and broadened with a midline depression. The alae nasi are intact but laterally displaced. The nose appears shortened in the vertical dimension. [from HPO]

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation type 0 originates in the trachea or bronchi with acinar dysgenesis, cartilage, smooth muscles, and glands separated by mesenchyme. It is fatal after birth. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.) [from NCI]

A teratoma which may be cystic; it is composed entirely of well differentiated, adult-type mature tissues, without evidence of fetal-type immature tissues (grade 0 teratoma). [from NCI]

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.) [from NCI]

Stage 0 includes: 0a (Ta, N0, M0); 0is (Tis, N0, M0). Ta: Noninvasive papillary carcinoma. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: ""flat tumor"". N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.) [from NCI]

A congenital syphilis that is manifested between 0 and 2 years old. [from MONDO]

A rare congenital knee dislocation characterized by hyperextension of the knee greater than 0° associated with limited flexion, with prominence of the femoral condyles in the popliteal fossa and increased transverse skin folds over the anterior surface of the knee. It can be unilateral or bilateral and may occur as an isolated malformation, be associated with other orthopedic abnormalities (like developmental dysplasia of the hip or clubfoot) or be part of a syndrome (e. g. Larsen's syndrome). [from ORDO]

A rare congenital limb malformation characterized by either hyperextension of the knee greater than 0° associated with limited flexion (congenital genu recurvatum) or permanent knee flexion with limited extension (congenital genu flexum). It can be unilateral or bilateral and may occur as an isolated malformation, be associated with other orthopedic abnormalities (like developmental dysplasia of the hip or clubfoot), or be part of a syndrome (e. g. Larsen's syndrome, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita). [from ORDO]

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.) [from NCI]

Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.) [from NCI]

Stage 0 carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions. [from NCI]