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Spondylocostal dysostosis 3, autosomal recessive(SCDO3)

MedGen UID:
377871
Concept ID:
C1853296
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: LFNG-Related Spondylocostal Dysostosis, Autosomal Recessive; SCDO3; Spondylocostal dysostosis 3
 
Gene (location): LFNG (7p22.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0012349
OMIM®: 609813

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Spondylocostal Dysostosis, Autosomal Recessive
Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO), defined radiographically as multiple segmentation defects of the vertebrae in combination with abnormalities of the ribs, is characterized clinically by a short trunk in proportion to height; short neck; and non-progressive mild scoliosis in most affected individuals – rarely, more significant scoliosis occurs. Respiratory function in neonates with severe disease may be compromised by reduced size of the thorax. By age two years lung growth may improve sufficiently to support relatively normal growth and development. In severely affected individuals with restricted pulmonary capacity, there is a possibility that pulmonary hypertension may eventually impact cardiac function. Males with SCDO appear to be at increased risk for inguinal hernia. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Peter D Turnpenny  |  Melissa Sloman  |  Sally Dunwoodie   view full author information

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Spondylocostal dysostosis has often been grouped with a similar condition called spondylothoracic dysostosis, and both are sometimes called Jarcho-Levin syndrome; however, they are now considered distinct conditions.

Spondylocostal dysostosis is a group of conditions characterized by abnormal development of bones in the spine and ribs. The bones of the spine (vertebrae) are misshapen and abnormally joined together (fused). Many people with this condition have abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis) due to malformation of the vertebrae. In addition to spinal abnormalities, some of the rib bones may be fused together or missing. Affected individuals have short, rigid necks and short torsos because of the bone malformations. As a result, people with spondylocostal dysostosis have short bodies but normal-length arms and legs, called short-trunk dwarfism.

The spine and rib abnormalities, which are present from birth, cause other signs and symptoms of spondylocostal dysostosis. Infants with this condition have small chests that cannot expand adequately, often leading to life-threatening breathing problems. As the lungs expand in the narrow chest, the muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest cavity (the diaphragm) is forced down and the abdomen is pushed out. The increased pressure in the abdomen can cause a soft out-pouching around the lower abdomen (inguinal hernia), particularly in males with spondylocostal dysostosis.

Some people with spondylocostal dysostosis also have a type of birth defect known as a neural tube defect. Neural tube defects occur when a structure called the neural tube, a layer of cells that ultimately develops into the brain and spinal cord, fails to close completely during the first few weeks of embryonic development. Examples of neural tube defects that occur in people with spondylocostal dysostosis include a spinal cord abnormality known as spina bifida and a brain abnormality called a Chiari malformation.

Although breathing problems can be fatal early in life, many affected individuals live into adulthood.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondylocostal-dysostosis

Clinical features

From HPO
Slender finger
MedGen UID:
387832
Concept ID:
C1857482
Finding
Fingers that are disproportionately narrow (reduced girth) for the hand/foot size or build of the individual.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Kyphosis
MedGen UID:
44042
Concept ID:
C0022821
Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Rib fusion
MedGen UID:
78570
Concept ID:
C0265695
Congenital Abnormality
Complete or partial merging of adjacent ribs.
Vertebral segmentation defect
MedGen UID:
96577
Concept ID:
C0432163
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality related to a defect of vertebral separation during development.
Odontoid hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
339524
Concept ID:
C1846439
Finding
The odontoid process, or dens, is a bony projection from the axis (C2) upward into the ring of the atlas (C1) at the top of the spine. During embryogenesis, the body of the odontoid derives from the centrum of the atlas and separates from the atlas, fusing with the superior portion of the axis. If the odontoid is hypoplastic or absent, the attachments for the apical and alar ligaments are missing, allowing for excessive rotation of the atlas, craniocervical instability, and possibly cord compression (summary by Stevens et al., 2009).
Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger
MedGen UID:
867093
Concept ID:
C4021451
Anatomical Abnormality
Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.
Supernumerary vertebral ossification centers
MedGen UID:
870849
Concept ID:
C4025309
Anatomical Abnormality
Three ossification sites are present in typical vertebral bodies (C3-L5)

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