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Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections

MedGen UID:
199830
•Concept ID:
C0752182
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: CNS Protozoal Infection; CNS Protozoal Infections; Infection, Central Nervous System, Protozoal; Infection, CNS Protozoal; Infections, CNS Protozoal; Infections, Protozoal, Central Nervous System; Protozoal Infection, CNS; Protozoal Infections, Central Nervous System; Protozoal Infections, CNS

Definition

Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the former subkingdom known as protozoa. The central nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of protozoal infection. These diseases may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCentral Nervous System Protozoal Infections

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Cerebral malaria induced by plasmodium falciparum: clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Song X, Wei W, Cheng W, Zhu H, Wang W, Dong H, Li J
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:939532. Epub 2022 Jul 25 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.939532. PMID: 35959375Free PMC Article
HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Bowen LN, Smith B, Reich D, Quezado M, Nath A
Nat Rev Neurol 2016 Oct 27;12(11):662-674. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.149. PMID: 27786246
Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. Epub 2015 Aug 10 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. PMID: 26259797Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Microglia in neuropathology caused by protozoan parasites.
Figarella K, Wolburg H, Garaschuk O, Duszenko M
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020 Apr;95(2):333-349. Epub 2019 Nov 4 doi: 10.1111/brv.12566. PMID: 31682077
Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.
Jahangeer M, Mahmood Z, Munir N, Waraich UE, Tahir IM, Akram M, Ali Shah SM, Zulfqar A, Zainab R
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020 Feb;47(2):199-212. Epub 2019 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13192. PMID: 31612525
Tissue and blood protozoa including toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, Babesia, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Naegleria in solid organ transplant recipients- Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.
La Hoz RM, Morris MI; Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation
Clin Transplant 2019 Sep;33(9):e13546. Epub 2019 Apr 29 doi: 10.1111/ctr.13546. PMID: 30900295
The therapeutic strategies against Naegleria fowleri.
Bellini NK, Santos TM, da Silva MTA, Thiemann OH
Exp Parasitol 2018 Apr;187:1-11. Epub 2018 Mar 1 doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.010. PMID: 29501696
Infections with free-living amebae.
Visvesvara GS
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;114:153-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00010-8. PMID: 23829906

Diagnosis

Laboratory Diagnosis of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.
Rojo JU, Rajendran R, Salazar JH
Lab Med 2023 Sep 5;54(5):e124-e132. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmac158. PMID: 36638160
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis and Treatments.
Güémez A, García E
Biomolecules 2021 Sep 6;11(9) doi: 10.3390/biom11091320. PMID: 34572533Free PMC Article
Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.
Jahangeer M, Mahmood Z, Munir N, Waraich UE, Tahir IM, Akram M, Ali Shah SM, Zulfqar A, Zainab R
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020 Feb;47(2):199-212. Epub 2019 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13192. PMID: 31612525
Tissue and blood protozoa including toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, Babesia, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Naegleria in solid organ transplant recipients- Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.
La Hoz RM, Morris MI; Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation
Clin Transplant 2019 Sep;33(9):e13546. Epub 2019 Apr 29 doi: 10.1111/ctr.13546. PMID: 30900295
Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. Epub 2015 Aug 10 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. PMID: 26259797Free PMC Article

Therapy

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis and Treatments.
Güémez A, García E
Biomolecules 2021 Sep 6;11(9) doi: 10.3390/biom11091320. PMID: 34572533Free PMC Article
Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.
Jahangeer M, Mahmood Z, Munir N, Waraich UE, Tahir IM, Akram M, Ali Shah SM, Zulfqar A, Zainab R
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020 Feb;47(2):199-212. Epub 2019 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13192. PMID: 31612525
Tissue and blood protozoa including toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, Babesia, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Naegleria in solid organ transplant recipients- Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.
La Hoz RM, Morris MI; Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation
Clin Transplant 2019 Sep;33(9):e13546. Epub 2019 Apr 29 doi: 10.1111/ctr.13546. PMID: 30900295
The therapeutic strategies against Naegleria fowleri.
Bellini NK, Santos TM, da Silva MTA, Thiemann OH
Exp Parasitol 2018 Apr;187:1-11. Epub 2018 Mar 1 doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.010. PMID: 29501696
Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Nov;59(11):6677-81. Epub 2015 Aug 10 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01293-15. PMID: 26259797Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Laboratory Diagnosis of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.
Rojo JU, Rajendran R, Salazar JH
Lab Med 2023 Sep 5;54(5):e124-e132. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmac158. PMID: 36638160
Treatment of Acanthamoeba Encephalitis.
Wolf MA, Thielman NM, Kraft BD
Am J Med 2022 Jan;135(1):e20-e21. Epub 2021 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.08.009. PMID: 34509449
Drugs used for the treatment of cerebral and disseminated infections caused by free-living amoebae.
Taravaud A, Fechtali-Moute Z, Loiseau PM, Pomel S
Clin Transl Sci 2021 May;14(3):791-805. Epub 2021 Mar 1 doi: 10.1111/cts.12955. PMID: 33650319Free PMC Article
Naegleria fowleri.
Harris GR, Batra R
N Engl J Med 2020 Sep 10;383(11):1057. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2002528. PMID: 32905679
Sleeping sickness and the brain.
Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
Cell Mol Life Sci 2002 May;59(5):845-58. doi: 10.1007/s00018-002-8472-0. PMID: 12088284Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Structural informatics approach for designing an epitope-based vaccine against the brain-eating Naegleria fowleri.
Sarfraz A, Wara TU, Sheheryar, Chen K, Ansari SH, Zaman A, Nishan U, Iqbal A, Ullah R, Ali EA, Shah M, Ojha SC
Front Immunol 2023;14:1284621. Epub 2023 Oct 30 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284621. PMID: 37965306Free PMC Article
Role of cathepsin B of Naegleria fowleri during primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
Rodríguez-Mera IB, Carrasco-Yépez MM, Vásquez-Moctezuma I, Correa-Basurto J, Salinas GR, Castillo-Ramírez DA, Rosales-Cruz É, Rojas-Hernández S
Parasitol Res 2022 Nov;121(11):3287-3303. Epub 2022 Sep 20 doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07660-y. PMID: 36125528Free PMC Article
Is Naegleria fowleri an Emerging Parasite?
Maciver SK, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J
Trends Parasitol 2020 Jan;36(1):19-28. Epub 2019 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.10.008. PMID: 31744676
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in an infant.
Mittal N, Mahajan L, Hussain Z, Gupta P, Khurana S
Indian J Med Microbiol 2019 Jan-Mar;37(1):120-122. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_18_371. PMID: 31424023
Cerebral trypanosomiasis and AIDS.
Antunes AC, Cecchini FM, Bolli Fv, Oliveira PP, Reboucas RG, Monte TL, Fricke D
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2002 Sep;60(3-B):730-3. PMID: 12364939

Recent systematic reviews

Systematic Review of Brain-Eating Amoeba: A Decade Update.
Ahmad Zamzuri M'I, Abd Majid FN, Mihat M, Ibrahim SS, Ismail M, Abd Aziz S, Mohamed Z, Rejali L, Yahaya H, Abdullah Z, Hassan MR, Dapari R, Mohd Isa AM
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023 Feb 9;20(4) doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043021. PMID: 36833715Free PMC Article

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