An increased susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.

An autoimmune form of hemolytic anemia.

Decreased levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA).

An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in blood.

Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media.

Any deviation from the normal overall count of natural killer (NK) cells in the circulation or a deviation from the normal distribution of NK cell subtypes.

A deviation from the normal count of T cells.

A deviation from the normal count of B cells, i.e., the cells that are formed in the bone marrow, migrate to the peripheral lymphatic system, and mature into plasma cells or memory cells.

The presence of normal overall immunoglobulin levels with deficiency of specific immunoglobulins directed against pneumococci.

The concentration of interleukin-6 in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal.

A reduced ability to synthesize postvaccination antibodies against a tetanus antigen, as measured by antibody titer determination following vaccination.

An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in blood.

An elevation of the concentration of interleukin 10 in the blood circulation.

Phagocytosis of erythrocytes, lymphocytes or other hematopoietic precursors by histiocytes or macrophages observed in the liver.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), also designated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is a disorder of glucose homeostasis characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of Caucasian populations (Todd, 1990). Genetic studies of T1D have focused on the identification of loci associated with increased susceptibility to this multifactorial phenotype. The classic phenotype of diabetes mellitus is polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.

Raised, well-circumscribed areas of erythema and edema involving the dermis and epidermis. Urticaria is intensely pruritic, and blanches completely with pressure.

Generalized well circumscribed patches of leukoderma that are generally distributed over symmetric body locations and is due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.

Deficiency of thyroid hormone.