Protein Family Models

toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens by the innate immune system, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Date:

2024-04-02

toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens by the innate immune system, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Date:

2024-04-02

toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens by the innate immune system, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Date:

2024-04-02

toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens by the innate immune system, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Date:

2024-04-02

toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens by the innate immune system, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Date:

2024-04-02

toll-like receptor (TLR) is involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens by the innate immune system, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Date:

2024-04-02

In humans, TASL (TLR adaptor interacting with SLC15A4 on the lysosome) is encoded by CXorf21 that is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus [1]. It is an immune adaptor that is required for recruitment and activation of IRF5 by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, in mechanistic analogy to IRF3 and its three adaptors STING, MAVS and TRIF. TASL interacts with the endolysosomal transporter SLC15A4 forming the SLC15A4-TASL complex, which is required for endolysosomal TLR signalling. TASL contains a pLxIS motif that is important for its function [2]. [1]. 31001245. Lysosomal pH Is Regulated in a Sex Dependent Manner in Immune. Cells Expressing CXorf21.. Harris VM, Harley ITW, Kurien BT, Koelsch KA, Scofield RH;. Front Immunol. 2019;10:578.. [2]. 32433612. TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by. TLR7-9.. Heinz LX, Lee J, Kapoor U, Kartnig F, Sedlyarov V, Papakostas K,. Cesar-Razquin A, Essletzbichler P, Goldmann U, Stefanovic A,. Bigenzahn JW, Scorzoni S, Pizzagalli MD, Bensimon A, Muller AC,. King FJ, Li J, Girardi E, Mbow ML, Whitehurst CE, Rebsamen M,. Superti-Furga G;. Nature. 2020;581:316-322. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This is a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain found in the N-terminal region of B-cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (BCAP). BCAP functions in linking the B-cell receptor (BCR) and the co-receptor CD19 to the activation of PI3K via interaction with the SH2 domains on the regulatory p85 subunit. BCAP TIR associates with the MAL/TIRAP adaptor and the TIR domains of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [1]. [1]. 27909057. Structure of the Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) Domain of the. B-cell Adaptor That Links Phosphoinositide Metabolism with the. Negative Regulation of the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Signalosome.. Halabi S, Sekine E, Verstak B, Gay NJ, Moncrieffe MC;. J Biol Chem. 2017;292:652-660. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 is an endosomal TLR that mediates immune responses against viral infections upon activation by its ligand double-stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of most viruses. TLR3 is expressed widely in the body and activates both the innate and adaptive immune systems [1]. This entry represents the Toll-like receptor 3 trans-membrane domain which has been shown to form dimers and trimers with different surfaces for helix-helix interaction [2]. [1]. 22611194. Cleavage of Toll-like receptor 3 by cathepsins B and H is. essential for signaling.. Garcia-Cattaneo A, Gobert FX, Muller M, Toscano F, Flores M,. Lescure A, Del Nery E, Benaroch P;. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:9053-9058.. [2]. 25217833. Toll-like receptor 3 transmembrane domain is able to perform. various homotypic interactions: an NMR structural study.. Mineev KS, Goncharuk SA, Arseniev AS;. FEBS Lett. 2014;588:3802-3807. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This family represents the C-terminal domain of the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway protein, an adapter protein of the Toll-like and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway, which is involved in the activation of NF-kappa-B via MAP3K1. This domain is missing in isoform 2. Fold recognition suggests that this domain may be distantly homologous to the pleckstrin homology domain (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This family of proteins, found from plants to humans, is PRAT4 (A and B), a Protein Associated with Toll-like receptor 4. The Toll family of receptors - TLRs - plays an essential role in innate recognition of microbial products, the first line of defence against bacterial infection [1]. PRAT4A influences the subcellular distribution and the strength of TLR responses and alters the relative activity of each TLR. PRAT4B regulates TLR4 trafficking to the cell surface and the extent of its expression there [2][3]. TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the most immuno-stimulatory glycolipids constituting the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria. This family has also been described as a SAP-like MIR-interacting protein family. [1]. 16338228. A molecule that is associated with Toll-like receptor 4 and. regulates its cell surface expression.. Konno K, Wakabayashi Y, Akashi-Takamura S, Ishii T, Kobayashi M,. Takahashi K, Kusumoto Y, Saitoh S, Yoshizawa Y, Miyake K;. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;339:1076-1082.. [2]. 17998391. A protein associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (PRAT4A) is. required for TLR-dependent immune responses.. Takahashi K, Shibata T, Akashi-Takamura S, Kiyokawa T,. Wakabayashi Y, Tanimura N, Kobayashi T, Matsumoto F, Fukui R,. Kouro T, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Saitoh S, Miyake K;. J Exp Med. 2007;204:2963-2976.. [3]. 18780723. A single base mutation in the PRAT4A gene reveals differential. interaction of PRAT4A with Toll-like receptors.. Kiyokawa T, Akashi-Takamura S, Shibata T, Matsumoto F, Nishitani. C, Kuroki Y, Seto Y, Miyake K;. Int Immunol. 2008;20:1407-1415. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

Pellino proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that play important roles in immunity, being involved in Toll-like signalling pathways, and associate with the kinase domain of the Pelle Ser/Thr kinase [1,2,3,4]. Mammalian Pellinos have been shown to mediate polyubiquitination of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) [5,6]. They consist of a forkhead-associated (FHA) domain at the N-terminal and a RING domain at the C-terminal. This entry represents the FHA domain, which is sufficient to interact with the ubiquitination substrates, such as IRAK1. This domain contains an unusual 'wing-like'appendage [7]. [1]. 10858658. How low can toll go?. Rich T, Allen R, Trowsdale J;. Trends Genet 2000;16:292-294.. [2]. 11132151. Pellino-related sequences from Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo. sapiens.. Rich T, Allen RL, Lucas AM, Stewart A, Trowsdale J;. Immunogenetics 2000;52:145-149.. [3]. 10330490. Oligomerisation of Tube and Pelle leads to nuclear localisation. of dorsal.. Grosshans J, Schnorrer F, Nusslein-Volhard C;. Mech Dev 1999;81:127-138.. [4]. 26085209. Molecular and physiological roles of Pellino E3 ubiquitin. ligases in immunity.. Humphries F, Moynagh PN;. Immunol Rev. 2015;266:93-108.. [5]. 24445667. The roles of Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases in immunity.. Moynagh PN;. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:122-131.. [6]. 19022706. The Pellino family: IRAK E3 ligases with emerging roles in. innate immune signalling.. Moynagh PN;. Trends Immunol. 2009;30:33-42.. [7]. 19081057. Pellino proteins contain a cryptic FHA domain that mediates. interaction with phosphorylated IRAK1.. Lin CC, Huoh YS, Schmitz KR, Jensen LE, Ferguson KM;. Struct. TRUNCATED at 1650 bytes (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain is an intracellular signalling domain found in MyD88, interleukin 1 receptor and the Toll receptor. It contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components. TIR-like motifs are also found in plant proteins thought to be involved in resistance to disease. When activated, TIR domains recruit cytoplasmic adaptor proteins MyD88 (Swiss:Q99836) and TOLLIP (Toll interacting protein, Swiss:Q9H0E2). In turn, these associate with various kinases to set off signalling cascades [3]. [1]. 9013863. The cloning and characterization of human MyD88: a member of an. IL-1 receptor related family.. Bonnert TP, Garka KE, Parnet P, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Sims JE;. FEBS Lett 1997;402:81-84.. [2]. 9237759. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals. activation of adaptive immunity [see comments]. Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr;. Nature 1997;388:394-397.. [3]. 12186654. Toll-like receptors: a family of pattern-recognition receptors. in mammals.. Armant MA, Fenton MJ;. Genome Biol 2002;3:REVIEWS3011. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

RING finger protein 216 (RNF216) is an RBR-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with several components of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and promotes their proteolytic degradation

Date:

2024-09-05

canopy family protein is a DUF3456 domain-containing protein; similar to Homo sapiens protein canopy homolog 1 and marginal zone B- and B1-cell-specific protein

Date:

2022-04-14

protein unc-93 homolog B1 (Unc-93B1) plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity by regulating nucleotide-sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling

Date:

2021-08-23

cactin family protein may be involved in the regulation of innate immune response, and may act as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor, interferon-regulatory factor (IRF), and canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathways

Date:

2017-03-02

toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing protein such as Arabidopsis thaliana toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein, a disease resistance protein; the TIR domain is responsible for signal transduction in all toll-like receptors (TLR)

Date:

2019-03-21

cactin family protein may be involved in the regulation of innate immune response, and may act as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor, interferon-regulatory factor (IRF), and canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathways

Date:

2019-03-21

toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing protein; the TIR domain is responsible for signal transduction in all toll-like receptors (TLR)

Date:

2018-12-13