Protein Family Models

The gene which codes for this protein in gut-bacteria is located in a novel putative operon for galactose metabolism. The protein appears to be a carbohydrate-processing phosphorolytic enzyme (EC:2.4.1.211), unlike either glycoside hydrolases or glycoside lyase. Intestinal colonisation by bifidobacteria is important for human health, especially in pediatrics, because colonisation seems to prevent infection by some pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhoea or other illnesses. The operon seems to be involved in intestinal colonisation by bifidobacteria mediated by metabolism of mucin sugars. In addition, it may also resolve the question of the nature of the bifidus factor in human milk as the lacto-N-biose structure found in milk oligosaccharides. [1]. 15933016. Novel putative galactose operon involving lacto-N-biose. phosphorylase in Bifidobacterium longum.. Kitaoka M, Tian J, Nishimoto M;. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:3158-3162. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This family represents the protein UNC80 found in eukaryotes, a component of the NALCN sodium channel complex. NALC is a cation voltage-independent channel activated by substance P, neurotensin, acetylcholine and noradrenaline that controls neuronal excitability. UNC80 forms a complex with UNC79 and both are key regulators of the channel and required for the proper expression and axonal localisation of NALCN. UNC80 is required for NALCN control by GPCRs and essential for its sensitivity to extracellular calcium. This protein acts as a scaffold for Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFK) and UNC-79 to mediate interaction with NALCN [1-3]. [1]. 24904279. The sodium leak channel, NALCN, in health and disease.. Cochet-Bissuel M, Lory P, Monteil A;. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:132.. [2]. 21040849. Extracellular calcium controls background current and neuronal. excitability via an UNC79-UNC80-NALCN cation channel complex.. Lu B, Zhang Q, Wang H, Wang Y, Nakayama M, Ren D;. Neuron. 2010;68:488-499.. [3]. 31690562. The NALCN Channel Regulator UNC-80 Functions in a Subset of. Interneurons To Regulate Caenorhabditis elegans Reversal. Behavior.. Zhou C, Luo J, He X, Zhou Q, He Y, Wang X, Ma L;. G3 (Bethesda). 2020;10:199-210. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This family represents the N-terminal region of the LETM1-domain- containing protein LETM2, a mitochondrial protein that is expressed preferentially in spermatocytes and spermatozoa during developmental stages from spermatocyte to spermatozoon. LETM2 might contribute to the reorganisation of the inner and cristae membranes during spermatogenesis. Despite its name, it does not contain an EF-hand domain as LETM1, but it contains a putative leucine zipper coiled coil domain [1,2]. [1]. 18628306. Characterization of the mitochondrial protein LETM1, which. maintains the mitochondrial tubular shapes and interacts with. the AAA-ATPase BCS1L.. Tamai S, Iida H, Yokota S, Sayano T, Kiguchiya S, Ishihara N,. Hayashi J, Mihara K, Oka T;. J Cell Sci. 2008;121:2588-2600.. [2]. 30642051. Molecular Mechanisms of Leucine Zipper EF-Hand Containing. Transmembrane Protein-1 Function in Health and Disease.. Lin QT, Stathopulos PB;. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; [Epub ahead of print] (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This family represents the protein UNC80 found in eukaryotes, a component of the NALCN sodium channel complex. NALC is a cation voltage-independent channel activated by substance P, neurotensin, acetylcholine and noradrenaline that controls neuronal excitability. UNC80 forms a complex with UNC79 and both are key regulators of the channel and required for the proper expression and axonal localisation of NALCN. UNC80 is required for NALCN control by GPCRs and essential for its sensitivity to extracellular calcium. This protein acts as a scaffold for Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFK) and UNC-79 to mediate interaction with NALCN [1-3]. [1]. 24904279. The sodium leak channel, NALCN, in health and disease.. Cochet-Bissuel M, Lory P, Monteil A;. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:132.. [2]. 21040849. Extracellular calcium controls background current and neuronal. excitability via an UNC79-UNC80-NALCN cation channel complex.. Lu B, Zhang Q, Wang H, Wang Y, Nakayama M, Ren D;. Neuron. 2010;68:488-499.. [3]. 31690562. The NALCN Channel Regulator UNC-80 Functions in a Subset of. Interneurons To Regulate Caenorhabditis elegans Reversal. Behavior.. Zhou C, Luo J, He X, Zhou Q, He Y, Wang X, Ma L;. G3 (Bethesda). 2020;10:199-210. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

The gene which codes for this protein in gut-bacteria is located in a novel putative operon for galactose metabolism. The protein appears to be a carbohydrate-processing phosphorolytic enzyme (EC:2.4.1.211), unlike either glycoside hydrolases or glycoside lyase. Intestinal colonisation by bifidobacteria is important for human health, especially in pediatrics, because colonisation seems to prevent infection by some pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhoea or other illnesses. The operon seems to be involved in intestinal colonisation by bifidobacteria mediated by metabolism of mucin sugars. In addition, it may also resolve the question of the nature of the bifidus factor in human milk as the lacto-N-biose structure found in milk oligosaccharides. [1]. 15933016. Novel putative galactose operon involving lacto-N-biose. phosphorylase in Bifidobacterium longum.. Kitaoka M, Tian J, Nishimoto M;. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:3158-3162. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

PUFD is the minimal domain at the C-terminus of BCORL (BCL6 corepressor) that is needed for binding and giving specificity to some of the PCGF proteins, polycomb-group RING finger homologues. PUFD binds to the RAWUL (RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like) domain of the particular PCGF PCGF1, Pfam:PF16207. Polycomb group proteins form repressive complexes (PRC) that mediate epigenetic modifications of histones. In humans there are many different PCGF homologues whose functions all vary, but the direct binding partner of PCGF1 is BCOR. BCOR has emerged as an important player in development and health [1]. [1]. 23523425. Structure of the polycomb group protein PCGF1 in complex with. BCOR reveals basis for binding selectivity of PCGF homologs.. Junco SE, Wang R, Gaipa JC, Taylor AB, Schirf V, Gearhart MD,. Bardwell VJ, Demeler B, Hart PJ, Kim CA;. Structure. 2013;21:665-671. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

The RAWUL domain is found at the C-terminus of poly-comb group RING finger proteins. It is a ubiquitin-like domain [1]. RAWUL binds directly to PUFD, a domain on BCOR proteins (BCL6 corepressor). BCOR has emerged as an important player in development and health [2]. [1]. 19791798. Ring1B contains a ubiquitin-like docking module for interaction. with Cbx proteins.. Bezsonova I, Walker JR, Bacik JP, Duan S, Dhe-Paganon S,. Arrowsmith CH;. Biochemistry. 2009;48:10542-10548.. [2]. 23523425. Structure of the polycomb group protein PCGF1 in complex with. BCOR reveals basis for binding selectivity of PCGF homologs.. Junco SE, Wang R, Gaipa JC, Taylor AB, Schirf V, Gearhart MD,. Bardwell VJ, Demeler B, Hart PJ, Kim CA;. Structure. 2013;21:665-671. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This domain is found in viruses, and is approximately 40 amino acids in length. The domain is found in association with Pfam:PF00606. There are two conserved sequence motifs: SVS and TSS. This family is the amino-terminal antigenic domain of glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus. [1]. 7979986. Sequence variation of the amino-terminal antigenic domains of. glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus strains isolated from. Chinese patients.. Shiu SY, Chan KM, Lo SK, Ip KW, Yuen KY, Health RB;. Arch Virol. 1994;137:133-8. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

The gene which codes for this protein in gut-bacteria is located in a novel putative operon for galactose metabolism. The protein appears to be a carbohydrate-processing phosphorolytic enzyme (EC:2.4.1.211), unlike either glycoside hydrolases or glycoside lyase. Intestinal colonisation by bifidobacteria is important for human health, especially in pediatrics, because colonisation seems to prevent infection by some pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhoea or other illnesses. The operon seems to be involved in intestinal colonisation by bifidobacteria mediated by metabolism of mucin sugars. In addition, it may also resolve the question of the nature of the bifidus factor in human milk as the lacto-N-biose structure found in milk oligosaccharides. [1]. 15933016. Novel putative galactose operon involving lacto-N-biose. phosphorylase in Bifidobacterium longum.. Kitaoka M, Tian J, Nishimoto M;. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:3158-3162. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

This entry includes inactive rhomboid proteins (iRhom1/2), which are catalytically inactive rhomboid protease homologues that play crucial roles within the secretory pathway, including protein degradation, trafficking regulation, and inflammatory signaling [1]. These are metazoan specific pseudoproteases which regulate ADAM17 protease, a sheddase of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands and TNF, acting as trafficking factors that escort ADAM17 from the ER to the later secretory pathway. They are required for the cleavage and release of a variety of membrane-associated proteins [2]. iRhoms share a common structure comprising 7-helix transmembrane-spanning domains (TMDs) which is a conserved rhomboid fold (Pfam:PF01694), an extended N-terminal cytosolic domain and a luminal loop [1,2]. These proteins have been linked to the development and progression of several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, as well as as hemophilic arthropathy [2] and also in neurological disorders such a Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, inflammation, cancer and skin diseases [3]. This entry represents an N-terminal helical segment of iRhom 1/2. [1]. 27378062. Inactive rhomboid proteins: New mechanisms with implications in. health and disease.. Lemberg MK, Adrain C;. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016;60:29-37.. [2]. 31369701. Novel functions of inactive rhomboid proteins in immunity and. disease.. Geesala R, Issuree PD, Maretzky T;. J Leukoc Biol. 2019;106:823-835.. [3]. 34477920. Inactive rhomboid proteins RHBDF1 and RHBDF2 (iRhoms): a decade. of research in murine models.. Burzenski LM, Low BE, Kohar V, Sh. TRUNCATED at 1650 bytes (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

Mutating the gene foie gras in zebrafish has been shown to affect development; the mutants develop large, lipid-filled hepatocytes in the liver, resembling those in individuals with fatty liver disease [1]. Foie-gras protein is long and has several well-defined domains though none of them has a known function. We have annotated this one as the first [1]. The C-terminus of this region contains TPR repeats. [1]. 16000385. A genetic screen in zebrafish identifies the mutants vps18, nf2. and foie gras as models of liver disease.. Sadler KC, Amsterdam A, Soroka C, Boyer J, Hopkins N;. Development. 2005;132:3561-3572. (from Pfam)

Date:

2024-08-14

aldo-keto reductase family protein may be an NAD(P)(H) oxidoreductase that reduces aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols

Date:

2021-12-02

This family is named for KHM-1 (Kyorin Health Science metallo-beta-lactamase 1) and HMB-1 (Hamburg Metallo-Beta-lactamase 1).

Gene:

blaKHM

Date:

2024-03-19

Carnitine monooxygenase, an enzyme with a reductase subunit and an oxygenase component, cleave carnitine, among other substrates, and produces trimethylamine (TMA). Production of TMA by gut bacteria is a concern for human health because liver enzymes convert TMA to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), associated with atherosclerosis and other disease processes. However, because this enzyme requires oxygen, its contribution to TMA production in the gut is unclear.

Gene:

yeaW

Date:

2023-07-16