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1.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: Light-Induced Fluorescence-Based Device and Hybrid Mobile App for Oral Hygiene Management at Home: Development and Usability Study.

Oral hygiene monitoring system: (a) light-induced fluorescence device and hybrid mobile app; (b) method for monitoring oral hygiene with the naked eye through a mirror; (c) method for monitoring oral hygiene using smartphone; (d) hybrid mobile app that provides time series oral hygiene information.

Jun-Min Kim, et al. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Oct;8(10):e17881.
2.
Question 8 Figure 8

Question 8 Figure 8. From: Oral hygiene practices in nurseries (0-3 years) in the cities of Pavia and Vigevano.

If oral hygiene routines are followed, when in the day? In 25% of the nurseries oral hygiene routines are followed after every meal; In 65% of the nurseries only after lunch; In 10% no oral hygiene routines are followed.

Marzia Segù, et al. Front Oral Health. 2022;3:991741.
3.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: The Effectiveness of a Board Game-Based Oral Hygiene Education Program on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Plaque Index of Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study.

Oral hygiene board game oral hygiene board game named “Dental Monopoly” of people with intellectual disability.

Hsiu-Yueh Liu, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb;18(3):946.
4.
Figure 2

Figure 2. From: Comparison of foam swabs and toothbrushes as oral hygiene interventions in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised split mouth study.

(A) Changes in plaque and gingival index (Silness and Löe) for patients 1–8 over a 7-day period using oral hygiene intervention either with a toothbrush (solid line) or foam swab (broken line). (B) Changes in plaque and gingival index (Silness and Löe) for patients 9–17, over a 7-day period using oral hygiene intervention either with a toothbrush (solid line) or foam swab (broken line). (C) Changes in plaque and gingival index (Silness and Löe) for patients 19–28, over a 7-day period using oral hygiene intervention either with a toothbrush (solid line) or foam swab (broken line).

Paola J Marino, et al. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2016;3(1):e000150.
5.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: Evaluation of a “Picture Assisted Illustration Reinforcement” (PAIR) System for Oral Hygiene in Children with Autism: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Picture illustrations; (a) correct (do’s) oral hygiene care; (b) incorrect (don’ts) oral hygiene care.

Atrey J. Pai Khot, et al. Children (Basel). 2023 Feb;10(2):369.
6.

Figure 4. From: Smoking, tooth loss and oral hygiene practices have significant and site-specific impacts on the microbiome of oral mucosal surfaces: a cross-sectional study.

 Impact of tooth brushing frequency (<1, 1 or > 1 per day) and oral hygiene (OHI-S index), on the mucosal microbiome. (a) Alpha diversity values according to daily brushing frequency and oral hygiene. (b) Community structure analysed by NMDS of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values according to daily brushing frequency and oral hygiene. (c) Bar plot showing relative abundance (%) of the 30 most abundant species according to daily brushing frequency and oral hygiene.

Sheila Galvin, et al. J Oral Microbiol. 2023;15(1):2263971.
7.
Fig 3

Fig 3. Significant correlations (r-value) between environmental factors and the independent factors of oral hygiene behaviour.. From: Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour.

Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive (full line) and negative (dotted line) correlations between environmental factors (parental care; negative experiences / feelings at / with dentists currently and during childhood; dental anxiety) and the 4 independent oral hygiene behaviour factors (factor 1 “attitude towards oral hygiene” (including sensations towards and during oral hygiene); factor 2 “attitude towards one’s teeth” (including perception of one’s own teeth); factor 4 “self-inspection of one’s teeth” (including actions for controlling one’s own teeth and the use of professional help). Only those results are presented exceeding the threshold of effect size (r2 > 5%).

Maxi Mueller, et al. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0264306.
8.
Figure 1.

Figure 1. From: The association between oral hygiene and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Flow chart of identification and selection of studies. OH, oral hygiene; OHI, Oral Hygiene Index; PI, Plaque Index; PSc, plaque score.

Attawood Lertpimonchai, et al. Int Dent J. 2017 Dec;67(6):332-343.
9.
 Figure 3.

Figure 3. From: Effectiveness of “Safeguard Your Smile,” an oral health literacy intervention, on oral hygiene self-care behaviour among Punjabi immigrants:A randomized controlled trial .

Effects of the SYS intervention on oral hygiene self-care knowledge, oral hygiene self-care behaviour, OHL scores, gingival indices, and plaque indices

Navdeep Kaur, et al. Can J Dent Hyg. 2019 Feb;53(1):23-32.
10.
Fig 2

Fig 2. Categorization in each group.. From: Relationship between oral hygiene knowledge, source of oral hygiene knowledge and oral hygiene behavior in Japanese university students: A prospective cohort study.

Students with poor oral hygiene behavior at baseline were categorized into improved and non-improved groups.

Daiki Fukuhara, et al. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0236259.
12.
Fig 1

Fig 1. Flowchart.. From: Relationship between oral hygiene knowledge, source of oral hygiene knowledge and oral hygiene behavior in Japanese university students: A prospective cohort study.

Students with poor oral hygiene behavior at baseline were classified into respective groups. Each group was analyzed at follow-up.

Daiki Fukuhara, et al. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0236259.
13.
14.
Figure 3

Figure 3. From: Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently.

Oral hygiene routines for all participants.

Shaima Bahammam, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec;18(24):13123.
15.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: Oral hygiene and habits of children with autism spectrum disorders and their families.

Oral Hygiene and Dental Care Questionnaire.

Simone R. V. Hage, et al. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020 Aug;12(8):e719-e724.
17.
Question 1 Figure 1

Question 1 Figure 1. From: Oral hygiene practices in nurseries (0-3 years) in the cities of Pavia and Vigevano.

Is oral hygiene practised at your nursery? 50% of the nurseries replied yes; 30% replied no; 20% have carried out oral hygiene activities on a project basis or have discntinued them due to Covid.

Marzia Segù, et al. Front Oral Health. 2022;3:991741.
18.
FIGURE 4

FIGURE 4. From: Associations Between Poor Oral Hygiene and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer.

Sensitivity analysis of the meta-analysis of the correlation between oral hygiene and PC. The HR/RR/OR and 95% CI were determined by omitting each study from the pool of eligible studies concerning the link between oral hygiene and PC.

Shuai Xu, et al. Pancreas. 2022 Sep;51(8):985-994.
19.
Figure 1

Figure 1. From: Oral hygiene practices in the pandemic- Evidence-based discussion of 8 common issues.

The summary of safe oral hygiene practices in COVID-19

Santosh Palla, et al. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Jan;11(1):407-409.
20.
Graph 1

Graph 1. From: Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Status among 12–14-Year-Old School Children.

Mean plaque score and oral hygiene habits

Deepesh Jaiswal, et al. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S112-S115.

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