PMC

(A–H) Renal corpuscle micrographs of TAA (A and B), TAA plus olive leaves extract (C), TAA plus juniper leaves extract (D), TAA plus olive and juniper leaves extracts (E), olive leaves extract (F), juniper leaves extract (G), and olive and juniper leaves extracts (H) treated mice for twelve weeks. Original magnification (×1000).

(A–H) Renal corpuscle micrographs of control (A), TAA (B), TAA plus olive leaves extract (C), TAA plus juniper leaves extract (D), TAA plus olive and juniper leaves extracts (E), olive leaves extract (F), juniper leaves extract (G), and olive and juniper leaves extracts (H) treated mice for six weeks. Original magnification (×1000).

Illustration of symptoms caused by Gymnosporangium asiaticum and G. yamadae telia on juniper branches. a Telia of G. asiaticum on juniper leaves and branches. III: the late stage of the teila of G. asiaticum with the matured teliospores. b Telia of G. yamadae on juniper young branches. I: the early stage of the gall development without the G. yamadae teliospores formation; II: the middle stage with the G. yamadae teliospores break through the gall. III: the late stage of gall development with the mature G. yamadae teliospores. c Cross-section of healthy juniper young branch. d Cross-section of the gall and G. yamadae telia on juniper young branch. The G. yamadae telia break through periderm with the teliospores spill out and induce the phloem and cortex tissues accreted. Bars: 200 μm

Estimated mountain big sagebrush cover after cutting (a) and burning (b) treatments applied to control juniper over 90 years post‐treatment adjusted for the estimated effects of juniper cover on sagebrush cover (blue line) using Miller's model (Miller et al., ). The burned treatment is a conservative estimate of sagebrush cover because we assume only a 30‐year lag in juniper cover between burned and cut treatments (based on an observed 30‐year lag in juniper density in burned compared with cut areas). Sagebrush and juniper cover were estimated using our regression models, and we then used our predicted juniper cover to estimate sagebrush cover using Miller's model (Miller et al., ) for Idaho fescue/mountain big sagebrush communities. We use sagebrush cover predicted by our models until Miller's model predicted lower sagebrush cover than our model based on juniper cover effect (blue line), and we then used Miller's model predicted value for sagebrush cover