PMC

Treatment efficacy of the pure CBD (white bars) and the Terpene-enriched CBD (gray bars) oils. G’s parents were asked to rate symptoms’ severity in their child following CBD oil treatment (“How would you evaluate your child’s symptom severity following oil treatment (how did the oil affected your child in regard the following symptoms)?“. A self-reported questionnaire, see Supplementary data). This was evaluated separately for the pure CBD and the terpene-enriched CBD oils.

PPARγ immunoreactivity in hippocampal regions of controls and rats treated with cannabidiol (CBD) or with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Non-treated controls (CTRL NT, n = 6) and epileptic animals (A) treated with CBD at high dose (CBD 120, n = 6), CBD at low dose (CBD 12, n = 6), or MCT oil (MCT OIL, n = 6) were used to determine the levels of PPARγ in CA3 Py (B), CA1 Py (C), and Sub (D). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, CBD 12 or CBD120 vs. CTRL NT; ° p < 0.05, CBD 120 vs. MCT OIL; # p < 0.05, CBD 120 vs. CBD 12; Holm-Šidák test. CTRL NT, non-treated control; CBD, cannabidiol. CA3 Py, Stratum pyramidalis of Cornu Ammonis 3; CA1 Py, Stratum pyramidalis of Cornu Ammonis 1; Sub, Subiculum. Scale: 0.1 mm.

(A) “Oil CBD” 5-year trend (January 2014 to July 2019) and its respective Mann Kendall p-value and Sen's slope estimate by year. (B) Five-year trend (August 2014 to July 2019) for selected integrative therapies. The keywords for each treatment were chosen based on multiple attempts until one was found to capture the greatest RSV for the period. The query words for vitamin C, vitamin D, acupuncture, aromatherapy, and milk thistle were by their actual name; otherwise, query words were “oil cbd” for oil cannabinoids, “cbd” for cannabinoids, and “coeq10” for coenzyme Q. (C) Comparison of GT RSV for “oil cbd” and “cbd” queries by group of U.S. states according to marijuana and CBD legal status, 90-day interest by region (April 2019 to July 2019). CBD, cannabidiol; GT, Google Trends; RSV, relative search volume.

Time-dependent negative regulation of the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by a CBD oil. (A) The pan-Akt profiles of SH-SY5Y cells as a function of time after treatment with CBD oil V1; (B) the expression levels of mTOR and p70S6K phosphoisoforms as a function of time after treatment with CBD oil V1; (C) the relative concentrations of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K phosphoisoforms as a function of time after treatment with CBD oil V1. Relative concentration describes fold change of protein phosphoisoforms after treatment as compared with the control. Error bars are the standard deviations of six repeated measurements per experimental condition. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CBD oil V1 at 100 µg/mL final CBD concentration.