PMC

SEM identification of the quids. (A) Quid 1, D. wrightii; (B) quid 2, subsample 1, D. wrightii; (C) quid 2, subsample 3, D. wrightii; (D) quid 2, subsample 4, D. wrightii; (E) quid 2, subsample 5, D. wrightii; (F) quid 2, subsample 7, D. wrightii; (G) quid 2, subsample 8, D. wrightii; (H) quid 2, subsample 9, D. wrightii; (I) quid 2, subsample 10, D. wrightii; (J) quid B, Yucca; (K) quid C, D. wrightii; (L) quid E, D. wrightii; (M) quid F, D. wrightii; (N) quid G, D. wrightii; and (O) quid H, D. wrightii.

Type of Asplenium alatulum Ching (A barcode PE00059412), A. subcrenatum Ching ex S.H.Wu (B barcode PE00059494), A. wrightii Eaton ex Hooker (C barcode NY00128031) and isotype of A. wrightii GH (D barcode GH00020612).

Scales of A. alatulum, A. subcrenatum and A. wrightii. A, D, GA. wrightiiB, E, HA. subcrenatumC, F, IA. alatulum.

Two-choice experiments examining the floral preferences of naïve male M. sexta moths. (A) With real flowers, the percentages of moths that chose D. wrightii (black bars) or A. palmeri (white bars) (Left), D. wrightii or control (gray bars) (Center), and A. palmeri or control (Right). Two-choice experiments using two D. wrightii flowers or two A. palmeri flowers showed no significant difference in the first flower chosen (G test: G < 0.32, P > 0.50, n = 40) and thus revealing no positional effects on moths' preferences. (B) With artificial flowers, the percentages of moths that chose paper flowers emitting D. wrightii or A. palmeri scent (Left), D. wrightii scent or no scent (control) (Center), and A. palmeri scent or no scent (control) paper flowers (Right).