PMC

Duplication and divergence of lysin and sp18 paralogs in H. tuberculata. (A) Sites that differentiate H. tuberculata lysin paralogs from H. rufescens lysin are mapped onto the H. rufescens NMR structure (PDB 5UTG). Blue–Sites that differ between H. rufescens lysin and H. tuberculata Copy #1, Pink–Sites that differ between H. rufescens lysin and H. tuberculata Copy #2, Purple–Sites that differ between H. rufescens lysin and both H. tuberculata lysin paralogs. Notably the face of the lysin molecule that interacts with VERL harbors most substitutions between H. tuberculata paralogs, suggestive of a shared interaction face for both H. tuberculata lysin paralogs. (B) Alignment of Lysin paralogs in H. rufescens and H. tuberculata. Both sets of paralogs arose from independent duplication events. Asterisks indicate sites that are shown to be under positive selection in H. rufescens lysin. (C) Sites that differ between H. tuberculata sp18 paralogs are mapped onto the crystal structure of sp18 from H. fulgens (PDB 1GAK). Blue–Sites that differ between H. rufescens sp18 and H. tuberculata Copy #1, Pink–Sites that differ between H. rufescens sp18 and H. tuberculata Copy #2, Purple–Sites that differ between H. rufescens sp18 and both H. tuberculata sp18 paralogs. (D) Alignment of sp18 paralogs in H. rufescens and H. tuberculata. Both sets of paralogs arose from independent duplication events. Asterisks indicate sites that are shown to be under positive selection in H. rufescens sp18.

Photographs of well-watered and dehydrated Paraboea rufescens in the field. (A) A well-watered P. rufescens in the rainy season. (B) A dehydrated P. rufescens in the dry season. (C) A dehydrated P. rufescens with a long stem in the dry season.

Shared OTUs from entire E. rufescens (A), mucus secreted from E. rufescens (B), and pyrosequences from E. rufescens and its mucus (C). The numbers of shared pyrosequences are given in parentheses. OTUs were defined by 3% sequence difference from the nearest neighbor.

—Synteny between Haliotis rufescens (green) and Haliotis discus hannai (blue) highlighting the greater continuity in H. rufescens.