PMC

Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of Solanum melongena and the other 12 Solanum species using whole chloroplast genome sequences. Capsicum annuum was served as outgroup. The numbers on each node show the ML bootstrap support values. The accession numbers are as below: Solanum bulbocastanum (NC_007943), Solanum cheesmaniae (NC_026876), Solanum chilense (NC_026877), Solanum commersonii (NC_028069), Solanum galapagense (NC_026878), Solanum habrochaites (NC_026879), Solanum lycopersicum (NC_007898), Solanum neorickii (NC_026880), Solanum nigrum (NC_028070), Solanum peruvianum (NC_026881), Solanum pimpinellifolium (NC_026882), Solanum tuberosum (NC_008096), Capsicum annuum (NC_018552).

Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al.1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A.M. Amorim), C–F (L.L. Giacomin).

Comparisons of Solanum eburneum and Solanum watneyi. A–C Solanum eburneum in habitat (gray cracked clay), in flower, and mature fruits D–F same for Solanum watneyi (habit showing reddish sandy loam) G corolla comparisons of staminate (upper) and hermaphrodite (lower) flowers for Solanum eburneum (left) and Solanum watneyi (right) H leaf shape across varying leaf ages for Solanum watneyi (top) and Solanum eburneum (bottom) in cultivation; I) field growth habit of Solanum eburneum (left) and Solanum watneyi (right) showing the more sprawling and prostrate nature of Solanum watneyi. Photos A, C, D, E, F, I by CTM; B, G by JC; H by EF.

(a) Effect of eggplant supplemented diet on the low‐density lipoproteins level in the diabetic rats. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Bars with the same symbol are not significantly different (p > 0.05). There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bar with different symbol. MEF: metformin; PW: Solanum gilo; PGW: Solanum aethiopicum; PG: Solanum kumba. (b) Effect of eggplant supplemented diet on the high‐density lipoproteins level in the diabetic rats. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Bars with the same symbol are not significantly different (p < 0.05). There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bar with different symbol. MEF: metformin; PW: Solanum gilo; PGW: Solanum aethiopicum; PG: Solanum kumba. (c) Effect of eggplant supplemented diet on triglycerides level in the diabetic rats. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Bars with the same symbol are not significantly different (p < 0.05).). There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bar with different symbol. MEF: metformin; PW: Solanum gilo; PGW: Solanum aethiopicum; PG: Solanum kumba. (d) Effect of eggplant supplemented diet on total cholesterol level in the diabetic rats. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Bars with the same symbol are not significantly different (p < 0.05).). There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bar with different symbol. MEF: metformin; PW: Solanum gilo; PGW : Solanum aethiopicum; PG: Solanum kumba