PMC

Phylogenetic relationships of Potentilla species using whole chloroplast genome. GenBank accession numbers: Potentilla bifurca (MT712015), Potentilla centigrana (NC_041209), Potentilla chinensis (MN871983), Potentilla freyniana (NC_041210), Potentilla hebiichigo (MK301251), Potentilla indica (NC_041178), Potentilla micrantha (HG931056), Potentilla stolonifera (NC_044418), Fragaria viridis (NC_048474).

Neighbor joining (bootstrap repeat is 10,000) and maximum likelihood (bootstrap repeat is 1,000) phylogenetic tree of sixteen Rosaceae partial or complete chloroplast genomes: Potentilla freyniana (MK209638; in this study), Potentilla centigrana (MK209637), Duchesnea chrysantha (MK182726), Duchesnea indica (MK134678), Potentilla tilingii (KY420028; partial genome), Potentilla lancinata (KY419968; partial genome), Potentilla purpurea (KY419953; partial genome), Potentila purpurascens (KY419979; partial genome), Potentilla micropetala (KY420021; partial genome), Potentilla micrantha (HG931056), Potentilla lineata (KY419949; partial genome), Dasiphora fruticosa (NC 036423), Fragaria x ananassa cultivar Benihoppe (NC_035961), Rubus crataegifolius (MG189543), and Rosa multiflora (NC_039989), and Prunus persica (NC_014697). The numbers above branches indicate bootstrap support values of maximum likelihood and neighbor joining phylogenetic tree, respectively. Clade names were presented as dark grey, light grey, and underlined characters, defined by Töpel et al. (), Feng et al. (), Heo et al. (), respectively.

Potentilla biflora: (A) habit, Saarela et al. 3152. Potentilla hyparctica: (B) habit, Kugluktuk, Nunavut, 30 June 2014. Photographs by J. M. Saarela (A) and P. C. Sokoloff (B).

Change in caspase-9 (A) and caspase-3 (B) mRNA levels in hippocampal neurons.
The loading bands from left to right are model group, control group, tanshinone IIA group, Potentilla anserine L. 0.25 mg/mL group, Potentilla anserine L. 0.062 5 mg/mL group, and Potentilla anserine L. 0.015 6 mg/mL group.
Data are expressed as absorbance ratio of target gene to β-actin (mean ± SEM, n = 3). Differences between the means were determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons. ^aP < 0.01, vs. control group; ^bP < 0.01, vs. model group. A representative experiment is shown.
I: Model group; II: control group; III: transhinone IIA group; IV: Potentilla anserine L. 0.25 mg/mL; V: Potentilla anserine L. 0.062 5 mg/mL group; VI: Potentilla anserine L. 0.015 6 mg/mL group.