PMC

Preparation of H. cordata Thunb. extracts and solvent-partitioned extraction technique. The diagram represents the flow chart of ethanolic extraction and the solvent-partition method to obtain the ethanolic extract and the concentrated fractions of H. cordata, including, H. cordata ethanolic extract (HcEE), H. cordata dichloromethane fraction (HcDM), H. cordata ethyl acetate fraction (HcEA), and H. cordata water fraction (Hc-H₂O). EtOH: ethanol, DI H₂O: deionized water, EtAce: ethyl acetate. * H. cordata extracts that were used in this study.

GC–MS chromatogram of Houttuynia cordata. (A) represents the total ion flow diagram of the Houttuynia cordata root; (B) represents the total ion flow diagram of the Houttuynia cordata stem; (C) represents the total ion flow diagram of the Houttuynia cordata leaf.

Climatic and ecological adaptability distribution of H. cordata in China (A) flowers of H. cordata (B) roots of H. cordata as food (C) above-ground part of dry stems and leaves of H. cordata.

(A) HPLC chromatographic profiles of H. cordata phenolics (markers represent standard compounds of phenolics; P. fluorescens represent H. cordata seedlings inoculated with P. fluorescens and cultured after 45 days; The control represents H. cordata seedlings which were not inoculated with P. fluorescens and cultured for 45 days). (B) Effects of P. fluorescens on phenolics in H. cordata seedlings (P. fluorescens: H. cordata seedlings which inoculated with P. fluorescens and cultured after 45 days; Control: H. cordata seedlings that were not inoculated with P. fluorescens and cultured for 45 days). The results are presented as mean SD, the error bar represents the standard deviation of biological parallelism in the figure. (n = 3, P < 0.05).