PMC

Dracorhodin perchlorate activated caspase-9 to induce apoptosis. A: caspase-9 inhibitor decreased the inhibitory ratio of 60 µmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate at 24 h. B: 60 µmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate at 24 h promoted the appearance of apoptotic bodies, but was inhibited by caspase-9 inhibitor. C: caspase -9 was activated by dracorhodin perchlorate. D: Dracorhodin perchlorate did not affect the caspase-9 mRNA. DP:dracorhodin perchlorate.

Chemical structures of dracorhodin and dracorhodin perchlorate, and the inhibitory effect of dracorhodin perchlorate on MCF-7 cells. A: The structure of dracorhodin and dracorhodin perchlorate; B: Growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT method. Mean±SD, n=3. DP=dracorhodin perchlorate.

Dracorhodin perchlorate induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. A: 60 µmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 24 h promoted the appearance of apoptotic bodies. Arrows in A indicated the apoptotic body. B:60 µmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 24 h induced nuclei condensed. Arrows in B indicated the condensed nuclei. C: 60 µmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 18 h increased Annexin V staining from 0.81% to 26.52% which marked apoptosis. (A) bar=10 µm; (B) bar=5 µm. Con: control; DP:dracorhodin perchlorate.

Fluorescence imaging of skin at different time after treated with dracorhodin perchlorate non-targeting emulsion gel (left) or dracorhodin perchlorate inflammation targeting emulsion gel (right). Scale bar is 50 μm.