PMC

Comparision of morphological and thin layer chromatography banding pattern in Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus. (I. Cyperus scariosus and II. Cyperus rotundus) Morphological appearance of rhizomes (Ia and IIa) and rhizome powders (Ib and IIb) in Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus. (Ic and IIc) Thin layer chromatography banding pattern separation in hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus in ultraviolet at 254 nm and chemical treatment

Representative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy chromatograms of Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. (a) Hexane extracts of Cyperus scariosus; (b) Chloroform extract of Cyperus scariosus; (c) Hexane extracts of Cyperus rotundus; (d) Chloroform extract of Cyperus rotundus

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of seven related species belonging to Cyperus and the placement of C. brevifolius, 11 species belonging to seven genus of Cyperaceae. Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Asteraceae) was used as an outgroup. The bootstrap support values are shown on the nodes. The following sequences were used: Cyperus brevifolius OR726385 (this study), Cyperus aromaticus MT937178, Cyperus exaltatus MW123055, Cyperus iria MW123056 (Yang et al. ), Cyperus difformis OK539707 (Wu et al. ), Cyperus papyrus MZ895088, Cyperus michelianus OK539709 (Wu et al. ), Cyperus glomeratus OK539708 (Wu et al. ), Bolboschoenus planiculmis MZ751078 (Ning et al. ), Eleocharis dulcis MN967018 (Lee et al. ), Eleocharis cellulosa MN985041 (Lee et al. ), Carex gibba OK539703 (Wu et al. ), Carex lithophila ON920464 (Xu et al. ), Carex capillifolia OL674105, Carex kokanica OL674106, Hypolytrum nemorum KU207098, Gahnia tristis OK539723 (Wu et al. ), Isolepis setacea MW041568, Scleria parvula OK539742 (Wu et al. ), and Gymnanthemum amygdalinum MT795180 (Zhou et al. ).

FTIR spectra. NS: native Cyperus esculentus starch; PS: Cyperus esculentus porous starch; CPS: Cyperus esculentus cross−linked porous starch.