PMC

(A) Aechmea zebrina (in situ) a large epiphytic tank bromeliad in the rainforest canopy of eastern Ecuador. (B) A. zebrina collected during bromeliad patch sampling. (C) Senior author using single-rope climbing technique to collect A. zebrina at 38 m in the canopy of a Ceiba pentandra tree.

Fig. 3. Positive correlation between the number of hummingbird visits per inflorescence and nectar offered by Aechmea pectinata flowers: A, Nectar volume; B, sugar concentration. The values of nectar production from 0400–0600 h were excluded from this analysis as they correspond to a period of low hummingbird activity.

ad—adaxial epidermis, ab–abaxial epidermis, chl—chlorenchyma, hy—hydrenchyma, ph—phloem, sc—sclerenchyma, xl—xylem. Bars = 100 µm.

Heat map of anuran occupancy and abundance sampled from A. zebrina in low-intensity disturbed forest and undisturbed forest. Trees are sorted by distance to road on the x-axis and bromeliads are sorted by elevation in tree on the y-axis. Summed anuran collections from all five bromeliads in each tree shown in upper bar graph with distance from road overlaid as line graph.