MeSH

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Year introduced: 1990

Cell adhesion molecules that mediate neuron-neuron adhesion and neuron-astrocyte adhesion. They are expressed on neurons and Schwann cells, but not astrocytes and are involved in neuronal migration, neurite fasciculation, and outgrowth. Ng-CAM is immunologically and structurally distinct from NCAM.

Year introduced: 1996

Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection of the vertebrate nervous system. These molecules promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. These are not to be confused with NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES, now known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types in addition to nervous tissue.

Year introduced: 1990

Cell adhesion molecule involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis. Four main isoforms exist, including CD56; (CD56 ANTIGEN); but there are many other variants resulting from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. (From Pigott and Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, pp115-119)

Year introduced: 1996

Transmembrane proteins consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that are homologous to complement regulatory proteins. They are important cell adhesion molecules which help LEUKOCYTES attach to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM.

Year introduced: 1996

Postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that bind presynaptic NEUREXINS to form calcium-dependent trans-synaptic adhesions. Neuroligins recruit synaptic scaffolding proteins (e.g., PSD-95) via their PDZ DOMAIN. The distribution and interaction with neurexins are regulated by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. Alterations in genes encoding neuroligins or neurexins are associated with cognitive diseases such as AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER.

Year introduced: 2024

Presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that bind postsynaptic NEUROLIGINS to form calcium-dependent trans-synaptic adhesions. Neurexins recruit synaptic scaffolding proteins via their PDZ DOMAINS. Distribution and interaction with neuroligins are regulated by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. Alterations in genes encoding neurexins are associated with cognitive diseases such AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA and Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome 2.

Year introduced: 2024

A junctional adhesion molecule subtype that is expressed at high levels in PLACENTA; BRAIN; KIDNEY; and PLATELETS. It serves a variety of functions such as mediating leukocyte-platelet interactions, regulating trans-epithelial migration of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES, and acting as a counter receptor for ALPHAM INTEGRIN.

Year introduced: 2013

A junctional adhesion molecule subtype that is localized to high endothelial VENULES, heart ENDOTHELIUM, TROPHOBLASTS of the PLANCENTA, and in the ENDOTHELIUM of ARTERIOLES.

Year introduced: 2013

A cell adhesion protein that is found within TIGHT JUNCTIONS of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and on the CELL MEMBRANE surface of circulating PLATELETS.

Year introduced: 2013

A family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in NERVOUS SYSTEM patterning.

Year introduced: 2011

A fibroblast growth factor receptor with specificity for FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS; HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; and NEURONAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES. Several variants of the receptor exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 contains three extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN C2-SET DOMAINS and is a tyrosine kinase that transmits signals through the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM.

Year introduced: 2006(1992)

A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of neuronal cell adhesion molecules that is required for proper nervous system development. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 consists of six Ig domains, five fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region and an intracellular domain. Two splicing variants are known: a neuronal form that contains a four-amino acid RSLE sequence in the cytoplasmic domain, and a non-neuronal form that lacks the RSLE sequence. Mutations in the L1 gene result in L1 disease. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is predominantly expressed during development in neurons and Schwann cells; involved in cell adhesion, neuronal migration, axonal growth and pathfinding, and myelination.

Year introduced: 2003

A cell adhesion molecule, composed of a series of Ig-like domains, and expressed on virtually all MONOCYTES; PLATELETS; and GRANULOCYTES. PECAM-1 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them. It is essential for TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION of leukocytes and removal of apoptotic cells by PHAGOCYTES.

Year introduced: 2018 (1990)

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that serves as a homing receptor for lymphocytes to lymph node high endothelial venules.

Year introduced: 1996

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognizes sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the Lewis X or Lewis A family.

Year introduced: 1996

Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott and Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)

Year introduced: 1996

A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

Year introduced: 1995

Cell surface glycoproteins on lymphocytes and other leukocytes that mediate adhesion to specialized blood vessels called high endothelial venules. Several different classes of lymphocyte homing receptors have been identified, and they appear to target different surface molecules (addressins) on high endothelial venules in different tissues. The adhesion plays a crucial role in the trafficking of lymphocytes.

Year introduced: 1991

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 18q21-qter region of human chromosome 18. The absence of these genes is associated with the formation of colorectal cancer (DCC stands for deleted in colorectal cancer). The products of these genes show significant homology to neural cell adhesion molecules and other related cell surface glycoproteins.

Year introduced: 1991