Hypertrophy of the clitoris.

Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing or constriction of a segment of the aorta.

In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.

Failure of the foramen ovale to seal postnatally, leaving a potential conduit between the left and right cardiac atria.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.

A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.

An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.

Smaller than normal size according to sex and gestational age related norms, defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.

Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.

Abnormally increased size of the liver.

Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen.

A chronic disorder of the liver in which liver tissue becomes scarred and is partially replaced by regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue resulting in loss of liver function.

Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions.

The presence of excessive fibrous connective tissue in the liver. Fibrosis is a reparative or reactive process.

A type of cirrhosis characterized by the presence of small regenerative nodules.

An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed.

Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.

A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.

An abnormal reduction in numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes.

Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.

Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to multiple stimuli, leading to narrowing of the air passages with resultant dyspnea, cough, and wheezing.

Abnormal increased size of the spleen.

Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).

Diminished length of the neck.

Height of the vermilion of the medial part of the lip more than 2 SD below the mean, or apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the lip in the frontal view. The vermilion is the red part of the lips (and confusingly, the vermilion itself is also often referred to as being equivalent the lips).

Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.

Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.

Accentuated, prominent philtral ridges giving rise to an exaggerated groove in the midline between the nasal base and upper vermillion border.

Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.

Telangiectasias refer to small dilated blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter. Telangiectasia are located especially on the tongue, lips, palate, fingers, face, conjunctiva, trunk, nail beds, and fingertips.

Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline.

Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.