From OMIMWilms tumor is the most common renal tumor of childhood, occurring with an incidence of 1 in 10,000 and with a median age of diagnosis between 3 and 4 years of age. Wilms tumors are thought to develop from abnormally persistent embryonal cells within nephrogenic rests. Histologically, Wilms tumor mirrors the development of the normal kidney and classically consists of 3 cell types: blastema, epithelia, and stroma (summary by Slade et al., 2010).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Wilms Tumor
Susceptibility to Wilms tumor is genetically heterogeneous. WT2 (194071) is caused by mutation in the H19/IGF2-imprinting control region (ICR1; 616186) on chromosome 11p15. WT3 (194090) represents a locus mapped to chromosome 16q. WT4 (601363) represents a locus mapped to chromosome 17q12-q21. WT5 (601583) is caused by mutation in the POU6F2 gene (609062) on chromosome 7p14. WT6 (616806) is caused by mutation in the REST gene (600571) on chromosome 4q12.
Mutations in the BRCA2 gene (600185) have also been reported in Wilms tumor. Rare somatic and constitutional disruption of the HACE1 gene (610876) has also been reported in Wilms tumor.
Somatic mutations in the glypican-3 gene (GPC3; 300037) have been described in Wilms tumor. Somatic mutations in the WTX gene (300647) on the single X allele in tumors from males and on the active X allele in tumors from females have also been described.
http://www.omim.org/entry/194070 From MedlinePlus GeneticsWilms tumor is a form of kidney cancer that primarily develops in children. Nearly all cases of Wilms tumor are diagnosed before the age of 10, with two-thirds being found before age 5.
With proper treatment, children with Wilms tumor have a 90 percent survival rate. However, the risk that the cancer will come back (recur) is between 15 and 50 percent, depending on traits of the original tumor. Tumors usually recur in the first 2 years following treatment and develop in the kidneys or other tissues, such as the lungs. Individuals who have had Wilms tumor may experience related health problems or late effects of their treatment in adulthood, such as decreased kidney function, heart disease, and development of additional cancers.
Wilms tumor is often first noticed because of abdominal swelling or a mass in the kidney that can be felt upon physical examination. Some affected children have abdominal pain, fever, a low number of red blood cells (anemia), blood in the urine (hematuria), or high blood pressure (hypertension). Additional signs of Wilms tumor can include loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and tiredness (lethargy).
Wilms tumor can develop in one or both kidneys. About 5 to 10 percent of affected individuals develop multiple tumors in one or both kidneys. Wilms tumor may spread from the kidneys to other parts of the body (metastasize). In rare cases, Wilms tumor does not involve the kidneys and occurs instead in the genital tract, bladder, abdomen, chest, or lower back. It is unclear how Wilms tumor develops in these tissues.
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wilms-tumor