U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction

MedGen UID:
1663569
•Concept ID:
C4721773
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Cognitive Complication, Postoperative; Cognitive Decline, Postoperative; Cognitive Dysfunction, Postoperative; Complication, Postoperative Cognitive; Decline, Postoperative Cognitive; Dysfunction, Postoperative Cognitive; Postoperative Cognitive Complication; Postoperative Cognitive Complications; Postoperative Cognitive Decline; Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
SNOMED CT: POCD - postoperative cognitive dysfunction (771417007); Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (771417007); Cognitive dysfunction following surgical procedure (771417007)

Definition

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPostoperative cognitive dysfunction

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The Management of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients: An Overview of the Literature.
Ingustu DG, Pavel B, Paltineanu SI, Mihai DI, Cotorogea-Simion M, Martac C, Florescu MM, Cobilinschi C, Isac S, Droc G
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Feb 26;59(3) doi: 10.3390/medicina59030465. PMID: 36984466Free PMC Article
Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management.
Jin Z, Hu J, Ma D
Br J Anaesth 2020 Oct;125(4):492-504. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.063. PMID: 32798069
The influence of anesthesia and pain management on cognitive dysfunction after joint arthroplasty: a systematic review.
Zywiel MG, Prabhu A, Perruccio AV, Gandhi R
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014 May;472(5):1453-66. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3363-2. PMID: 24186470Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia: how do outcomes compare?
Ramirez MF, Gan TJ
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023 Aug 1;36(4):399-406. Epub 2023 Jun 19 doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001274. PMID: 37338939
Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management.
Jin Z, Hu J, Ma D
Br J Anaesth 2020 Oct;125(4):492-504. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.063. PMID: 32798069
Anesthesiology and cognitive impairment: a narrative review of current clinical literature.
Belrose JC, Noppens RR
BMC Anesthesiol 2019 Dec 27;19(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12871-019-0903-7. PMID: 31881996Free PMC Article
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Noncardiac Surgery.
Evered LA, Silbert BS
Anesth Analg 2018 Aug;127(2):496-505. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003514. PMID: 29889707
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and dementia: what we need to know and do.
Needham MJ, Webb CE, Bryden DC
Br J Anaesth 2017 Dec 1;119(suppl_1):i115-i125. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex354. PMID: 29161395

Diagnosis

Association of Delirium With Long-term Cognitive Decline: A Meta-analysis.
Goldberg TE, Chen C, Wang Y, Jung E, Swanson A, Ing C, Garcia PS, Whittington RA, Moitra V
JAMA Neurol 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1373-1381. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2273. PMID: 32658246Free PMC Article
The potential mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older people.
Lin X, Chen Y, Zhang P, Chen G, Zhou Y, Yu X
Exp Gerontol 2020 Feb;130:110791. Epub 2019 Nov 23 doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110791. PMID: 31765741
Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018.
Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, Scott DA, DeKosky ST, Rasmussen LS, Oh ES, Crosby G, Berger M, Eckenhoff RG; Nomenclature Consensus Working Group
Br J Anaesth 2018 Nov;121(5):1005-1012. Epub 2018 Jun 15 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.087. PMID: 30336844Free PMC Article
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Noncardiac Surgery.
Evered LA, Silbert BS
Anesth Analg 2018 Aug;127(2):496-505. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003514. PMID: 29889707
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and dementia: what we need to know and do.
Needham MJ, Webb CE, Bryden DC
Br J Anaesth 2017 Dec 1;119(suppl_1):i115-i125. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex354. PMID: 29161395

Therapy

Total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia: how do outcomes compare?
Ramirez MF, Gan TJ
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023 Aug 1;36(4):399-406. Epub 2023 Jun 19 doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001274. PMID: 37338939
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Postoperative Cognitive Impairment Induced by Anesthesia and Neuroinflammation.
Rump K, Adamzik M
Cells 2022 Sep 21;11(19) doi: 10.3390/cells11192954. PMID: 36230916Free PMC Article
Neuroinflammation and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.
Subramaniyan S, Terrando N
Anesth Analg 2019 Apr;128(4):781-788. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004053. PMID: 30883423Free PMC Article
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Noncardiac Surgery.
Evered LA, Silbert BS
Anesth Analg 2018 Aug;127(2):496-505. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003514. PMID: 29889707
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and dementia: what we need to know and do.
Needham MJ, Webb CE, Bryden DC
Br J Anaesth 2017 Dec 1;119(suppl_1):i115-i125. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex354. PMID: 29161395

Prognosis

Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Han C, Ji H, Guo Y, Fei Y, Wang C, Yuan Y, Ruan Z, Ma T
Drug Des Devel Ther 2023;17:863-873. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S401161. PMID: 36974331Free PMC Article
Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management.
Jin Z, Hu J, Ma D
Br J Anaesth 2020 Oct;125(4):492-504. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.063. PMID: 32798069
Association of Delirium With Long-term Cognitive Decline: A Meta-analysis.
Goldberg TE, Chen C, Wang Y, Jung E, Swanson A, Ing C, Garcia PS, Whittington RA, Moitra V
JAMA Neurol 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1373-1381. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2273. PMID: 32658246Free PMC Article
Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018.
Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, Scott DA, DeKosky ST, Rasmussen LS, Oh ES, Crosby G, Berger M, Eckenhoff RG; Nomenclature Consensus Working Group
Br J Anaesth 2018 Nov;121(5):1005-1012. Epub 2018 Jun 15 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.087. PMID: 30336844Free PMC Article
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Rundshagen I
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2014 Feb 21;111(8):119-25. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0119. PMID: 24622758Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

The impact of regional versus general anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bhushan S, Huang X, Duan Y, Xiao Z
Int J Surg 2022 Sep;105:106854. Epub 2022 Aug 27 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106854. PMID: 36031067
Ketamine vs. haloperidol for prevention of cognitive dysfunction and postoperative delirium: A phase IV multicentre randomised placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.
Hollinger A, Rüst CA, Riegger H, Gysi B, Tran F, Brügger J, Huber J, Toft K, Surbeck M, Schmid HR, Rentsch K, Steiner L, Siegemund M
J Clin Anesth 2021 Feb;68:110099. Epub 2020 Oct 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110099. PMID: 33120302
Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management.
Jin Z, Hu J, Ma D
Br J Anaesth 2020 Oct;125(4):492-504. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.063. PMID: 32798069
Association of Delirium With Long-term Cognitive Decline: A Meta-analysis.
Goldberg TE, Chen C, Wang Y, Jung E, Swanson A, Ing C, Garcia PS, Whittington RA, Moitra V
JAMA Neurol 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1373-1381. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2273. PMID: 32658246Free PMC Article
Anesthesiology and cognitive impairment: a narrative review of current clinical literature.
Belrose JC, Noppens RR
BMC Anesthesiol 2019 Dec 27;19(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12871-019-0903-7. PMID: 31881996Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Outcomes associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Suraarunsumrit P, Srinonprasert V, Kongmalai T, Suratewat S, Chaikledkaew U, Rattanasiri S, McKay G, Attia J, Thakkinstian A
Age Ageing 2024 Jul 2;53(7) doi: 10.1093/ageing/afae160. PMID: 39058915Free PMC Article
Preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction using anesthetic drugs in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zeng K, Long J, Li Y, Hu J
Int J Surg 2023 Jan 1;109(1):21-31. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000001. PMID: 36799783Free PMC Article
The impact of regional versus general anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bhushan S, Huang X, Duan Y, Xiao Z
Int J Surg 2022 Sep;105:106854. Epub 2022 Aug 27 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106854. PMID: 36031067
Association of Delirium With Long-term Cognitive Decline: A Meta-analysis.
Goldberg TE, Chen C, Wang Y, Jung E, Swanson A, Ing C, Garcia PS, Whittington RA, Moitra V
JAMA Neurol 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1373-1381. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2273. PMID: 32658246Free PMC Article
Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
Miller D, Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Schofield-Robinson OJ, Shelton CL, Alderson P, Smith AF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 21;8(8):CD012317. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012317.pub2. PMID: 30129968Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...