U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Congenital myasthenic syndrome 11(CMS1E, FORMERLY; CMS11)

MedGen UID:
902189
Concept ID:
C4225367
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 11, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency; MYASTHENIC SYNDROME, CONGENITAL, Ie
 
Gene (location): RAPSN (11p11.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014588
OMIM®: 616326

Definition

Congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with AChR deficiency is a disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) clinically characterized by early-onset muscle weakness with variable severity. Electrophysiologic studies show low amplitude of the miniature endplate potential (MEPP) and current (MEPC) resulting from deficiency of AChR at the endplate. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors or amifampridine may be helpful (summary by Engel et al., 2015). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CMS, see CMS1A (601462). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Congenital myasthenic syndrome is a group of conditions characterized by muscle weakness (myasthenia) that worsens with physical exertion. The muscle weakness typically begins in early childhood but can also appear in adolescence or adulthood. Facial muscles, including muscles that control the eyelids, muscles that move the eyes, and muscles used for chewing and swallowing, are most commonly affected. However, any of the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) can be affected in this condition. Due to muscle weakness, affected infants may have feeding difficulties. Development of motor skills such as crawling or walking may be delayed. The severity of the myasthenia varies greatly, with some people experiencing minor weakness and others having such severe weakness that they are unable to walk.

Some individuals have episodes of breathing problems that may be triggered by fevers or infection. Severely affected individuals may also experience short pauses in breathing (apnea) that can lead to a bluish appearance of the skin or lips (cyanosis).  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-myasthenic-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Fatigue
MedGen UID:
41971
Concept ID:
C0015672
Sign or Symptom
A subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation.
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Tube feeding
MedGen UID:
8641
Concept ID:
C0014327
Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure
Feeding problem necessitating food and nutrient delivery via a tube.
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Poor suck
MedGen UID:
324693
Concept ID:
C1837142
Finding
An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed.
Falls
MedGen UID:
39084
Concept ID:
C0085639
Finding
A sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury.
Easy fatigability
MedGen UID:
373253
Concept ID:
C1837098
Finding
Increased susceptibility to fatigue.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Gowers sign
MedGen UID:
65865
Concept ID:
C0234182
Finding
A phenomenon whereby patients are not able to stand up without the use of the hands owing to weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower limbs.
Difficulty running
MedGen UID:
108251
Concept ID:
C0560346
Finding
Reduced ability to run.
Generalized muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
155433
Concept ID:
C0746674
Sign or Symptom
Generalized weakness or decreased strength of the muscles, affecting both distal and proximal musculature.
Neonatal hypotonia
MedGen UID:
412209
Concept ID:
C2267233
Disease or Syndrome
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.
EMG: decremental response of compound muscle action potential to repetitive nerve stimulation
MedGen UID:
892749
Concept ID:
C4021728
Finding
A compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is a type of electromyography (EMG). CMAP refers to a group of almost simultaneous action potentials from several muscle fibers in the same area evoked by stimulation of the supplying motor nerve and are recorded as one multipeaked summated action potential. This abnormality refers to a greater than normal decrease in the amplitude during the course of the investigation.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
MedGen UID:
1830310
Concept ID:
C5779613
Disease or Syndrome
Multiple congenital contractures in different body areas.
Respiratory insufficiency
MedGen UID:
11197
Concept ID:
C0035229
Pathologic Function
Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.
Respiratory tract infection
MedGen UID:
11199
Concept ID:
C0035243
Disease or Syndrome
An infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract.
Neonatal respiratory distress
MedGen UID:
924182
Concept ID:
C4281993
Finding
Respiratory difficulty as newborn.
Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
868186
Concept ID:
C4022578
Finding
The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptors.
Weak cry
MedGen UID:
65892
Concept ID:
C0234860
Finding
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Long face
MedGen UID:
324419
Concept ID:
C1836047
Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Decreased fetal movement
MedGen UID:
68618
Concept ID:
C0235659
Finding
An abnormal reduction in quantity or strength of fetal movements.
Ptosis
MedGen UID:
2287
Concept ID:
C0005745
Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCongenital myasthenic syndrome 11

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lu M, Reisch J, Iannaccone S, Batley K
Pediatr Neurol 2024 Jul;156:10-14. Epub 2024 Mar 24 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.03.019. PMID: 38688232
Maggi L, Bernasconi P, D'Amico A, Brugnoni R, Fiorillo C, Garibaldi M, Astrea G, Bruno C, Santorelli FM, Liguori R, Antonini G, Evoli A, Bertini E, Rodolico C, Mantegazza R
Neurol Sci 2019 Mar;40(3):457-468. Epub 2018 Dec 15 doi: 10.1007/s10072-018-3682-x. PMID: 30554356
Kinali M, Beeson D, Pitt MC, Jungbluth H, Simonds AK, Aloysius A, Cockerill H, Davis T, Palace J, Manzur AY, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Sewry C, Muntoni F, Robb SA
J Neuroimmunol 2008 Sep 15;201-202:6-12. Epub 2008 Aug 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.06.026. PMID: 18707767

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pugliese A, Della Marina A, de Paula Estephan E, Zanoteli E, Roos A, Schara-Schmidt U, Hentschel A, Azuma Y, Töpf A, Thompson R, Polavarapu K, Lochmüller H
J Neurol 2024 Mar;271(3):1331-1341. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-12070-w. PMID: 37923938
Polavarapu K, Sunitha B, Töpf A, Preethish-Kumar V, Thompson R, Vengalil S, Nashi S, Bardhan M, Sanka SB, Huddar A, Unnikrishnan G, Arunachal G, Girija MS, Porter A, Azuma Y, Lorenzoni PJ, Baskar D, Anjanappa RM, Keertipriya M, Padmanabh H, Harikrishna GV, Laurie S, Matalonga L, Horvath R, Nalini A, Lochmüller H
Brain 2024 Jan 4;147(1):281-296. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad315. PMID: 37721175Free PMC Article
Krenn M, Sener M, Rath J, Zulehner G, Keritam O, Wagner M, Laccone F, Iglseder S, Marte S, Baumgartner M, Eisenkölbl A, Liechtenstein C, Rudnik S, Quasthoff S, Grinzinger S, Spenger J, Wortmann SB, Löscher WN, Zimprich F, Kellersmann A, Rappold M, Bernert G, Freilinger M, Cetin H
J Neurol 2023 Feb;270(2):909-916. Epub 2022 Oct 29 doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11440-0. PMID: 36308527Free PMC Article
Vrinten C, van der Zwaag AM, Weinreich SS, Scholten RJ, Verschuuren JJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Dec 17;2014(12):CD010028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010028.pub2. PMID: 25515947Free PMC Article
Rodríguez Cruz PM, Palace J, Beeson D
J Neurol 2014 Nov;261(11):2234-43. Epub 2014 Oct 11 doi: 10.1007/s00415-014-7520-7. PMID: 25305004

Diagnosis

Polavarapu K, Sunitha B, Töpf A, Preethish-Kumar V, Thompson R, Vengalil S, Nashi S, Bardhan M, Sanka SB, Huddar A, Unnikrishnan G, Arunachal G, Girija MS, Porter A, Azuma Y, Lorenzoni PJ, Baskar D, Anjanappa RM, Keertipriya M, Padmanabh H, Harikrishna GV, Laurie S, Matalonga L, Horvath R, Nalini A, Lochmüller H
Brain 2024 Jan 4;147(1):281-296. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad315. PMID: 37721175Free PMC Article
Allen NM, O'Rahelly M, Eymard B, Chouchane M, Hahn A, Kearns G, Kim DS, Byun SY, Nguyen CE, Schara-Schmidt U, Kölbel H, Marina AD, Schneider-Gold C, Roefke K, Thieme A, Van den Bergh P, Avalos G, Álvarez-Velasco R, Natera-de Benito D, Cheng MHM, Chan WK, Wan HS, Thomas MA, Borch L, Lauzon J, Kornblum C, Reimann J, Mueller A, Kuntzer T, Norwood F, Ramdas S, Jacobson LW, Jie X, Fernandez-Garcia MA, Wraige E, Lim M, Lin JP, Claeys KG, Aktas S, Oskoui M, Hacohen Y, Masud A, Leite MI, Palace J, De Vivo D, Vincent A, Jungbluth H
Brain 2023 Oct 3;146(10):4233-4246. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad153. PMID: 37186601Free PMC Article
Krenn M, Sener M, Rath J, Zulehner G, Keritam O, Wagner M, Laccone F, Iglseder S, Marte S, Baumgartner M, Eisenkölbl A, Liechtenstein C, Rudnik S, Quasthoff S, Grinzinger S, Spenger J, Wortmann SB, Löscher WN, Zimprich F, Kellersmann A, Rappold M, Bernert G, Freilinger M, Cetin H
J Neurol 2023 Feb;270(2):909-916. Epub 2022 Oct 29 doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11440-0. PMID: 36308527Free PMC Article
Gonzalez-Quereda L, Rodriguez MJ, Diaz-Manera J, Alonso-Perez J, Gallardo E, Nascimento A, Ortez C, Natera-de Benito D, Olive M, Gonzalez-Mera L, Munain AL, Zulaica M, Poza JJ, Jerico I, Torne L, Riera P, Milisenda J, Sanchez A, Garrabou G, Llano I, Madruga-Garrido M, Gallano P
Genes (Basel) 2020 May 11;11(5) doi: 10.3390/genes11050539. PMID: 32403337Free PMC Article
Aharoni S, Sadeh M, Shapira Y, Edvardson S, Daana M, Dor-Wollman T, Mimouni-Bloch A, Halevy A, Cohen R, Sagie L, Argov Z, Rabie M, Spiegel R, Chervinsky I, Orenstein N, Engel AG, Nevo Y
Neuromuscul Disord 2017 Feb;27(2):136-140. Epub 2016 Nov 24 doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.11.014. PMID: 28024842Free PMC Article

Therapy

Hamasaki Y, Hamada R, Muramatsu M, Matsumoto S, Aya K, Ishikura K, Kaneko T, Iijima K
BMC Nephrol 2020 Aug 24;21(1):363. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-02010-5. PMID: 32838745Free PMC Article
Vrinten C, van der Zwaag AM, Weinreich SS, Scholten RJ, Verschuuren JJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Dec 17;2014(12):CD010028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010028.pub2. PMID: 25515947Free PMC Article
McElnea EM, Stephenson K, Lanigan B, Flitcroft I
BMJ Case Rep 2014 Oct 27;2014 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-206862. PMID: 25349186Free PMC Article
Schara U, Christen HJ, Durmus H, Hietala M, Krabetz K, Rodolico C, Schreiber G, Topaloglu H, Talim B, Voss W, Pihko H, Abicht A, Müller JS, Lochmüller H
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010 Jul;14(4):326-33. Epub 2009 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2009.09.009. PMID: 19900826
Kinali M, Beeson D, Pitt MC, Jungbluth H, Simonds AK, Aloysius A, Cockerill H, Davis T, Palace J, Manzur AY, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Sewry C, Muntoni F, Robb SA
J Neuroimmunol 2008 Sep 15;201-202:6-12. Epub 2008 Aug 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.06.026. PMID: 18707767

Prognosis

AlTaisan A, Magliyah M, Abouammoh MA, Taskintuna I, Alzahrani Y, Chang E, Alsulaiman SM
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2020 Nov 1;51(11):618-627. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20201104-03. PMID: 33231694
Rodríguez Cruz PM, Cossins J, Estephan EP, Munell F, Selby K, Hirano M, Maroofin R, Mehrjardi MYV, Chow G, Carr A, Manzur A, Robb S, Munot P, Wei Liu W, Banka S, Fraser H, De Goede C, Zanoteli E, Conti Reed U, Sage A, Gratacos M, Macaya A, Dusl M, Senderek J, Töpf A, Hofer M, Knight R, Ramdas S, Jayawant S, Lochmüller H, Palace J, Beeson D
Brain 2019 Jun 1;142(6):1547-1560. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz107. PMID: 31081514Free PMC Article
Bauché S, O'Regan S, Azuma Y, Laffargue F, McMacken G, Sternberg D, Brochier G, Buon C, Bouzidi N, Topf A, Lacène E, Remerand G, Beaufrere AM, Pebrel-Richard C, Thevenon J, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Faivre L, Duffourd Y, Ricci F, Mongini T, Fiorillo C, Astrea G, Burloiu CM, Butoianu N, Sandu C, Servais L, Bonne G, Nelson I, Desguerre I, Nougues MC, Bœuf B, Romero N, Laporte J, Boland A, Lechner D, Deleuze JF, Fontaine B, Strochlic L, Lochmuller H, Eymard B, Mayer M, Nicole S
Am J Hum Genet 2016 Sep 1;99(3):753-761. Epub 2016 Aug 25 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.033. PMID: 27569547Free PMC Article
Zafeiriou DI, Pitt M, de Sousa C
Brain Dev 2004 Jan;26(1):47-52. doi: 10.1016/s0387-7604(03)00096-2. PMID: 14729415
Smit LM, Hageman G, Veldman H, Molenaar PC, Oen BS, Jennekens FG
Muscle Nerve 1988 Apr;11(4):337-48. doi: 10.1002/mus.880110410. PMID: 3398881

Clinical prediction guides

Lin CV, Thomas CAD, Huynh TL, Wei DT, Young JN, Aivazian AS, McInnes A, Xu J, Cook SE, Vazquez J, Maselli RA
Hum Gene Ther 2024 Feb;35(3-4):123-131. doi: 10.1089/hum.2023.173. PMID: 38299967
Vrinten C, van der Zwaag AM, Weinreich SS, Scholten RJ, Verschuuren JJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Dec 17;2014(12):CD010028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010028.pub2. PMID: 25515947Free PMC Article
Laforêt P, Vianey-Saban C
Neuromuscul Disord 2010 Nov;20(11):693-700. Epub 2010 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.06.018. PMID: 20691590
Engel AG, Shen XM, Selcen D, Sine SM
J Mol Neurosci 2010 Jan;40(1-2):143-53. Epub 2009 Aug 18 doi: 10.1007/s12031-009-9229-0. PMID: 19688192Free PMC Article
Mihaylova V, Müller JS, Vilchez JJ, Salih MA, Kabiraj MM, D'Amico A, Bertini E, Wölfle J, Schreiner F, Kurlemann G, Rasic VM, Siskova D, Colomer J, Herczegfalvi A, Fabriciova K, Weschke B, Scola R, Hoellen F, Schara U, Abicht A, Lochmüller H
Brain 2008 Mar;131(Pt 3):747-59. Epub 2008 Jan 7 doi: 10.1093/brain/awm325. PMID: 18180250

Recent systematic reviews

Vrinten C, van der Zwaag AM, Weinreich SS, Scholten RJ, Verschuuren JJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Dec 17;2014(12):CD010028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010028.pub2. PMID: 25515947Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...