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Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3(ADCL3)

MedGen UID:
899774
Concept ID:
C4225268
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: ADCL3
 
Gene (location): ALDH18A1 (10q24.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014706
OMIM®: 616603

Definition

Autosomal dominant cutis laxa-3 (ADCL3) is characterized by thin skin with visible veins and wrinkles, cataract or corneal clouding, clenched fingers, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and moderate intellectual disability. In addition, patients exhibit a combination of muscular hypotonia with brisk muscle reflexes (Fischer-Zirnsak et al., 2015). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant cutis laxa, see ARCL1 (123700). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Unilateral renal agenesis
MedGen UID:
75607
Concept ID:
C0266294
Congenital Abnormality
A unilateral form of agenesis of the kidney.
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Thumbs, congenital Clasped
MedGen UID:
98140
Concept ID:
C0431886
Congenital Abnormality
In the resting position, the tip of the thumb is on, or near, the palm, close to the base of the fourth or fifth finger.
Aortic regurgitation
MedGen UID:
8153
Concept ID:
C0003504
Disease or Syndrome
An insufficiency of the aortic valve, leading to regurgitation (backward flow) of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
Tortuous cerebral arteries
MedGen UID:
373178
Concept ID:
C1836791
Finding
Excessive bending, twisting, and winding of a cerebral artery.
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Postnatal growth retardation
MedGen UID:
395343
Concept ID:
C1859778
Finding
Slow or limited growth after birth.
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Protruding ear
MedGen UID:
343309
Concept ID:
C1855285
Finding
Angle formed by the plane of the ear and the mastoid bone greater than the 97th centile for age (objective); or, outer edge of the helix more than 2 cm from the mastoid at the point of maximum distance (objective).
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Autistic behavior
MedGen UID:
163547
Concept ID:
C0856975
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.
Brisk reflexes
MedGen UID:
382164
Concept ID:
C2673700
Finding
Tendon reflexes that are noticeably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examination). Brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. They are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal.
Hernia
MedGen UID:
6816
Concept ID:
C0019270
Finding
The protrusion of part of an organ or fibroadipose tissue through an abnormal opening.
Hip dislocation
MedGen UID:
42455
Concept ID:
C0019554
Injury or Poisoning
Displacement of the femur from its normal location in the hip joint.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Osteopenia
MedGen UID:
18222
Concept ID:
C0029453
Disease or Syndrome
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Delayed cranial suture closure
MedGen UID:
75805
Concept ID:
C0277828
Finding
Infants normally have two fontanels at birth, the diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures, and the posterior fontanelle at the intersection of the occipital and parietal bones. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by the 8th week of life, and the anterior fontanel closes by the 18th month of life on average. This term applies if there is delay of closure of the fontanelles beyond the normal age.
Joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
336793
Concept ID:
C1844820
Finding
The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.
Small foramen magnum
MedGen UID:
348813
Concept ID:
C1861217
Finding
An abnormal narrowing of the foramen magnum.
Os odontoideum
MedGen UID:
488994
Concept ID:
C2919848
Disease or Syndrome
Separation of the odontoid process from the body of the axis.
Wormian bones
MedGen UID:
766814
Concept ID:
C3553900
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of extra bones within a cranial suture. Wormian bones are irregular isolated bones which appear in addition to the usual centers of ossification of the cranium.
Flat sella turcica
MedGen UID:
867568
Concept ID:
C4021952
Finding
An abnormally flat sella turcica.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Triangular face
MedGen UID:
324383
Concept ID:
C1835884
Finding
Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.
Prominent forehead
MedGen UID:
373291
Concept ID:
C1837260
Finding
Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.
Broad forehead
MedGen UID:
338610
Concept ID:
C1849089
Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead.
Cutis laxa
MedGen UID:
8206
Concept ID:
C0010495
Disease or Syndrome
Wrinkled, redundant, inelastic and sagging skin.
Premature skin wrinkling
MedGen UID:
19996
Concept ID:
C0037301
Finding
The presence of an increased degree of wrinkling (irregular folds and indentations) of the skin as compared with age-related norms.
Dermal translucency
MedGen UID:
373141
Concept ID:
C1836646
Finding
An abnormally increased ability of the skin to permit light to pass through (translucency) such that subcutaneous structures such as veins display an increased degree of visibility.
Developmental cataract
MedGen UID:
3202
Concept ID:
C0009691
Congenital Abnormality
A cataract that occurs congenitally as the result of a developmental defect, in contrast to the majority of cataracts that occur in adulthood as the result of degenerative changes of the lens.
Corneal opacity
MedGen UID:
40485
Concept ID:
C0010038
Finding
A reduction of corneal clarity.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Okuneva EG, Kozina AA, Baryshnikova NV, Krasnenko AY, Tsukanov KY, Klimchuk OI, Surkova EI, Ilinsky VV
BMC Dermatol 2019 Jan 31;19(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12895-019-0084-6. PMID: 30704477Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Iancu ME, Albu AI, Albu DN
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022 Sep 27;35(9):1211-1214. Epub 2022 Jul 1 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0054. PMID: 35770839
Okuneva EG, Kozina AA, Baryshnikova NV, Krasnenko AY, Tsukanov KY, Klimchuk OI, Surkova EI, Ilinsky VV
BMC Dermatol 2019 Jan 31;19(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12895-019-0084-6. PMID: 30704477Free PMC Article
Bhola PT, Hartley T, Bareke E; Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Boycott KM, Nikkel SM, Dyment DA
J Hum Genet 2017 Jun;62(6):661-663. Epub 2017 Feb 23 doi: 10.1038/jhg.2017.18. PMID: 28228640

Therapy

Iancu ME, Albu AI, Albu DN
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022 Sep 27;35(9):1211-1214. Epub 2022 Jul 1 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0054. PMID: 35770839

Clinical prediction guides

Iancu ME, Albu AI, Albu DN
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022 Sep 27;35(9):1211-1214. Epub 2022 Jul 1 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0054. PMID: 35770839

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