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Obstructive azoospermia

MedGen UID:
868703
•Concept ID:
C4023106
•
Disease or Syndrome
HPO: HP:0011962

Definition

Absence of any measurable level of sperm in his semen, resulting from post-testicular obstruction or retrograde ejaculation. This can be differentiated from obstructive azoospermia on the basis of testicular biopsy. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Azoospermia, obstructive, with nephrolithiasis
MedGen UID:
1779119
•Concept ID:
C5542351
•
Disease or Syndrome
Obstructive azoospermia with nephrolithiasis (OAZON) is characterized by male infertility due to obstruction at the head of the epididymis, as well as hypercalciuria and kidney stones (Askari et al., 2019).
See: Condition Record
Azoospermia, obstructive, with nephrolithiasis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Cell-Based Therapy Approaches in Treatment of Non-obstructive Azoospermia.
Roshandel E, Mehravar M, Nikoonezhad M, Alizadeh AM, Majidi M, Salimi M, Hajifathali A
Reprod Sci 2023 May;30(5):1482-1494. Epub 2022 Nov 15 doi: 10.1007/s43032-022-01115-6. PMID: 36380137Free PMC Article
The management of obstructive azoospermia: a committee opinion.
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology. Electronic address: asrm@asrm.org
Fertil Steril 2019 May;111(5):873-880. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.013. PMID: 31029241
Medical management of non-obstructive azoospermia.
Kumar R
Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013;68 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):75-9. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)08. PMID: 23503956Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Molecular mechanisms of cellular dysfunction in testes from men with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Piechka A, Sparanese S, Witherspoon L, Hach F, Flannigan R
Nat Rev Urol 2024 Feb;21(2):67-90. Epub 2023 Dec 18 doi: 10.1038/s41585-023-00837-9. PMID: 38110528
Macrophage-Related Testicular Inflammation in Individuals with Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: A Single-Cell Analysis.
Xia P, Ouyang S, Shen R, Guo Z, Zhang G, Liu X, Yang X, Xie K, Wang D
Int J Mol Sci 2023 May 16;24(10) doi: 10.3390/ijms24108819. PMID: 37240164Free PMC Article
Genetic Architecture of Azoospermia-Time to Advance the Standard of Care.
Wyrwoll MJ, Köckerling N, Vockel M, Dicke AK, Rotte N, Pohl E, Emich J, Wöste M, Ruckert C, Wabschke R, Seggewiss J, Ledig S, Tewes AC, Stratis Y, Cremers JF, Wistuba J, Krallmann C, Kliesch S, Röpke A, Stallmeyer B, Friedrich C, Tüttelmann F
Eur Urol 2023 May;83(5):452-462. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.05.011. PMID: 35690514
Meiotic recombination: insights into its mechanisms and its role in human reproduction with a special focus on non-obstructive azoospermia.
Xie C, Wang W, Tu C, Meng L, Lu G, Lin G, Lu LY, Tan YQ
Hum Reprod Update 2022 Nov 2;28(6):763-797. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac024. PMID: 35613017
Kallman syndrome and central non-obstructive azoospermia.
Thakker S, Persily J, Najari BB
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Dec;34(6):101475. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101475. PMID: 33419659

Diagnosis

Whole-exome sequencing improves the diagnosis and care of men with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Kherraf ZE, Cazin C, Bouker A, Fourati Ben Mustapha S, Hennebicq S, Septier A, Coutton C, Raymond L, Nouchy M, Thierry-Mieg N, Zouari R, Arnoult C, Ray PF
Am J Hum Genet 2022 Mar 3;109(3):508-517. Epub 2022 Feb 15 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.011. PMID: 35172124Free PMC Article
Genetics of Azoospermia.
Cioppi F, Rosta V, Krausz C
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 23;22(6) doi: 10.3390/ijms22063264. PMID: 33806855Free PMC Article
Molecular genetics of infertility: loss-of-function mutations in humans and corresponding knockout/mutated mice.
Jiao SY, Yang YH, Chen SR
Hum Reprod Update 2021 Jan 4;27(1):154-189. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa034. PMID: 33118031
Single-cell analysis of developing and azoospermia human testicles reveals central role of Sertoli cells.
Zhao L, Yao C, Xing X, Jing T, Li P, Zhu Z, Yang C, Zhai J, Tian R, Chen H, Luo J, Liu N, Deng Z, Lin X, Li N, Fang J, Sun J, Wang C, Zhou Z, Li Z
Nat Commun 2020 Nov 10;11(1):5683. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19414-4. PMID: 33173058Free PMC Article
Genetics of male infertility.
Krausz C, Riera-Escamilla A
Nat Rev Urol 2018 Jun;15(6):369-384. doi: 10.1038/s41585-018-0003-3. PMID: 29622783

Therapy

Cell-Based Therapy Approaches in Treatment of Non-obstructive Azoospermia.
Roshandel E, Mehravar M, Nikoonezhad M, Alizadeh AM, Majidi M, Salimi M, Hajifathali A
Reprod Sci 2023 May;30(5):1482-1494. Epub 2022 Nov 15 doi: 10.1007/s43032-022-01115-6. PMID: 36380137Free PMC Article
Modern surgical treatment of azoospermia.
Brant A, Schlegel PN
Curr Opin Urol 2023 Jan 1;33(1):39-44. Epub 2022 Oct 27 doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001055. PMID: 36301052
Does hormonal therapy improve sperm retrieval rates in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tharakan T, Corona G, Foran D, Salonia A, Sofikitis N, Giwercman A, Krausz C, Yap T, Jayasena CN, Minhas S
Hum Reprod Update 2022 Aug 25;28(5):609-628. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac016. PMID: 35526153Free PMC Article
Iatrogenic effects of radical cancer surgery on male fertility.
Huang Z, Berg WT
Fertil Steril 2021 Sep;116(3):625-629. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1200. PMID: 34462097
Medical management of non-obstructive azoospermia.
Kumar R
Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013;68 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):75-9. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)08. PMID: 23503956Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Scrutinizing the human TEX genes in the context of human male infertility.
Sieper MH, Gaikwad AS, Fros M, Weber P, Di Persio S, Oud MS, Kliesch S, Neuhaus N, Stallmeyer B, Tüttelmann F, Wyrwoll MJ
Andrology 2024 Mar;12(3):570-584. Epub 2023 Aug 18 doi: 10.1111/andr.13511. PMID: 37594251
Identifying potential biomarkers for non-obstructive azoospermia using WGCNA and machine learning algorithms.
Tang Q, Su Q, Wei L, Wang K, Jiang T
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1108616. Epub 2023 Oct 3 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1108616. PMID: 37854191Free PMC Article
Genetic Architecture of Azoospermia-Time to Advance the Standard of Care.
Wyrwoll MJ, Köckerling N, Vockel M, Dicke AK, Rotte N, Pohl E, Emich J, Wöste M, Ruckert C, Wabschke R, Seggewiss J, Ledig S, Tewes AC, Stratis Y, Cremers JF, Wistuba J, Krallmann C, Kliesch S, Röpke A, Stallmeyer B, Friedrich C, Tüttelmann F
Eur Urol 2023 May;83(5):452-462. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.05.011. PMID: 35690514
Molecular genetics of infertility: loss-of-function mutations in humans and corresponding knockout/mutated mice.
Jiao SY, Yang YH, Chen SR
Hum Reprod Update 2021 Jan 4;27(1):154-189. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa034. PMID: 33118031
MRI findings of obstructive azoospermia: lesions in and out of pelvic cavity.
Wang H, Peng Y, Fu W, Hu X, Li C, Guan J
Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020 Mar;45(3):851-864. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02375-8. PMID: 31897684

Clinical prediction guides

Identifying potential biomarkers for non-obstructive azoospermia using WGCNA and machine learning algorithms.
Tang Q, Su Q, Wei L, Wang K, Jiang T
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1108616. Epub 2023 Oct 3 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1108616. PMID: 37854191Free PMC Article
Macrophage-Related Testicular Inflammation in Individuals with Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: A Single-Cell Analysis.
Xia P, Ouyang S, Shen R, Guo Z, Zhang G, Liu X, Yang X, Xie K, Wang D
Int J Mol Sci 2023 May 16;24(10) doi: 10.3390/ijms24108819. PMID: 37240164Free PMC Article
Novel mutations of TEX11 are associated with non-obstructive azoospermia.
Song J, Sha Y, Liu X, Zeng X, Zhao X
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1159723. Epub 2023 Apr 14 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159723. PMID: 37124723Free PMC Article
Genetic Architecture of Azoospermia-Time to Advance the Standard of Care.
Wyrwoll MJ, Köckerling N, Vockel M, Dicke AK, Rotte N, Pohl E, Emich J, Wöste M, Ruckert C, Wabschke R, Seggewiss J, Ledig S, Tewes AC, Stratis Y, Cremers JF, Wistuba J, Krallmann C, Kliesch S, Röpke A, Stallmeyer B, Friedrich C, Tüttelmann F
Eur Urol 2023 May;83(5):452-462. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.05.011. PMID: 35690514
Molecular genetics of infertility: loss-of-function mutations in humans and corresponding knockout/mutated mice.
Jiao SY, Yang YH, Chen SR
Hum Reprod Update 2021 Jan 4;27(1):154-189. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa034. PMID: 33118031

Recent systematic reviews

Predictors of successful salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) after failed initial TESE in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhang F, Dai M, Yang X, Cheng Y, Ye L, Huang W, Chen X, Yin T, Sha Y
Andrology 2024 Jan;12(1):30-44. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1111/andr.13448. PMID: 37172416
Does hormonal therapy improve sperm retrieval rates in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tharakan T, Corona G, Foran D, Salonia A, Sofikitis N, Giwercman A, Krausz C, Yap T, Jayasena CN, Minhas S
Hum Reprod Update 2022 Aug 25;28(5):609-628. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac016. PMID: 35526153Free PMC Article
A systemic review and meta-analysis exploring the predictors of sperm retrieval in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and chromosomal abnormalities.
Majzoub A, Arafa M, Clemens H, Imperial J, Leisegang K, Khalafalla K, Agarwal A, Henkel R, Elbardisi H
Andrologia 2022 Apr;54(3):e14303. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/and.14303. PMID: 34729809
Urogenital Infection as a Risk Factor for Male Infertility.
Schuppe HC, Pilatz A, Hossain H, Diemer T, Wagenlehner F, Weidner W
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017 May 12;114(19):339-346. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0339. PMID: 28597829Free PMC Article
Sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes in Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Corona G, Pizzocaro A, Lanfranco F, Garolla A, Pelliccione F, Vignozzi L, Ferlin A, Foresta C, Jannini EA, Maggi M, Lenzi A, Pasquali D, Francavilla S; Klinefelter ItaliaN Group (KING)
Hum Reprod Update 2017 May 1;23(3):265-275. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmx008. PMID: 28379559

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