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Abnormal size of pituitary gland

MedGen UID:
868480
•Concept ID:
C4022874
•
Anatomical Abnormality
HPO: HP:0012504

Definition

A deviation from the normal size of the pituitary gland. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Pituitary 'incidentaloma': neuroradiological assessment and differential diagnosis.
Vasilev V, Rostomyan L, Daly AF, Potorac I, Zacharieva S, Bonneville JF, Beckers A
Eur J Endocrinol 2016 Oct;175(4):R171-84. Epub 2016 Apr 11 doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-1272. PMID: 27068689
A Case for Conservative Management: Characterizing the Natural History of Radiographically Diagnosed Rathke Cleft Cysts.
Culver SA, Grober Y, Ornan DA, Patrie JT, Oldfield EH, Jane JA Jr, Thorner MO
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 Oct;100(10):3943-8. Epub 2015 Aug 25 doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2604. PMID: 26305621Free PMC Article
Clinical features, management and recurrence of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst.
Raper DM, Besser M
J Clin Neurosci 2009 Mar;16(3):385-9. Epub 2009 Jan 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.04.023. PMID: 19147363

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The impact of transsphenoidal surgery on pituitary function in patients with non-functioning macroadenomas.
Mavromati M, Mavrakanas T, Jornayvaz FR, Schaller K, Fitsiori A, Vargas MI, Lobrinus JA, Merkler D, Egervari K, Philippe J, Leboulleux S, Momjian S
Endocrine 2023 Aug;81(2):340-348. Epub 2023 May 24 doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03400-z. PMID: 37222882Free PMC Article
Craniopharyngiomas primarily affecting the hypothalamus.
Pascual JM, Prieto R, Rosdolsky M
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;181:75-115. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820683-6.00007-5. PMID: 34238481
Pituitary incidentalomas in paediatric population: Incidence and characteristics.
Shareef M, Nasrallah MP, AlArab N, Atweh LA, Zadeh C, Hourani R
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Feb;94(2):269-276. Epub 2020 Nov 6 doi: 10.1111/cen.14353. PMID: 33098093
Rathke's cleft cyst.
Larkin S, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;124:255-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59602-4.00017-4. PMID: 25248592
Neuroimaging for the pediatric endocrinologist.
Delman BN, Fatterpekar GM, Law M, Naidich TP
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2008 Feb;5 Suppl 2:708-19. PMID: 18317442

Diagnosis

Rathke's cleft cyst.
Larkin S, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;124:255-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59602-4.00017-4. PMID: 25248592
Adrenal insufficiency.
Salvatori R
JAMA 2005 Nov 16;294(19):2481-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.19.2481. PMID: 16287959
Diabetes insipidus.
Maghnie M
Horm Res 2003;59 Suppl 1:42-54. doi: 10.1159/000067844. PMID: 12566720
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Mokri B
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001 Mar;1(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/s11910-001-0005-y. PMID: 11898506
Pituitary incidentalomas.
Molitch ME
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997 Dec;26(4):725-40. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70279-6. PMID: 9429857

Therapy

The evolution of pituitary cysts in growth hormone-treated children.
Krasnow MD, Krasnow NA, McGuirk L, Patale TP, Manely S, Sayegh E, Epstein B, Hanif SA, Mehta S, Tenner M, Schefflein J, Mehta H, Noto RA
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023 Jan 27;36(1):36-42. Epub 2022 Nov 18 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0333. PMID: 36394493
Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.
Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400
Adrenal insufficiency.
Salvatori R
JAMA 2005 Nov 16;294(19):2481-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.19.2481. PMID: 16287959
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Mokri B
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001 Mar;1(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/s11910-001-0005-y. PMID: 11898506
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Mokri B
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001 Jun;5(3):284-91. doi: 10.1007/s11916-001-0045-7. PMID: 11309218

Prognosis

The impact of transsphenoidal surgery on pituitary function in patients with non-functioning macroadenomas.
Mavromati M, Mavrakanas T, Jornayvaz FR, Schaller K, Fitsiori A, Vargas MI, Lobrinus JA, Merkler D, Egervari K, Philippe J, Leboulleux S, Momjian S
Endocrine 2023 Aug;81(2):340-348. Epub 2023 May 24 doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03400-z. PMID: 37222882Free PMC Article
Clinical course of primary empty sella in children: a singlecenter experience.
Besci Ö, Yaşar E, Erbaş İM, Acınıklı KY, Demir K, Böber E, Abacı A
Turk J Pediatr 2022;64(5):900-908. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.4953. PMID: 36305440
Pituitary Stalk Thickening: Causes and Consequences. The Children's Memorial Health Institute Experience and Literature Review.
Moszczyńska E, Kunecka K, Baszyńska-Wilk M, Perek-Polnik M, Majak D, Grajkowska W
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:868558. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868558. PMID: 35669693Free PMC Article
Pituitary incidentalomas in paediatric population: Incidence and characteristics.
Shareef M, Nasrallah MP, AlArab N, Atweh LA, Zadeh C, Hourani R
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Feb;94(2):269-276. Epub 2020 Nov 6 doi: 10.1111/cen.14353. PMID: 33098093
Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.
Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400

Clinical prediction guides

The impact of transsphenoidal surgery on pituitary function in patients with non-functioning macroadenomas.
Mavromati M, Mavrakanas T, Jornayvaz FR, Schaller K, Fitsiori A, Vargas MI, Lobrinus JA, Merkler D, Egervari K, Philippe J, Leboulleux S, Momjian S
Endocrine 2023 Aug;81(2):340-348. Epub 2023 May 24 doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03400-z. PMID: 37222882Free PMC Article
Pituitary Stalk Thickening: Causes and Consequences. The Children's Memorial Health Institute Experience and Literature Review.
Moszczyńska E, Kunecka K, Baszyńska-Wilk M, Perek-Polnik M, Majak D, Grajkowska W
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:868558. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868558. PMID: 35669693Free PMC Article
The use of neuroimaging for assessing disorders of pituitary development.
Di Iorgi N, Allegri AE, Napoli F, Bertelli E, Olivieri I, Rossi A, Maghnie M
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012 Feb;76(2):161-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04238.x. PMID: 21955099
Pituitary incidentalomas.
Molitch ME
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997 Dec;26(4):725-40. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70279-6. PMID: 9429857
Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency.
Prasad AS
Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985 Aug;14(3):567-89. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(85)80007-4. PMID: 3905080

Recent systematic reviews

Addressing the post-irradiation hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine abnormalities of brain tumors in pediatric patients.
Velentza L, Tolia M, Christakou C, Nikolaou M, Zerdes I, Tsoukalas N, Hajiioannou J, Tsanadis K, Rigas G, Mitsis M, Theodorou K, Pistevou-Gombaki K, Tsekeris P, Kyrgias G
J BUON 2017 Sep-Oct;22(5):1240-1245. PMID: 29135108
A systematic review of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in first episode psychosis.
Borges S, Gayer-Anderson C, Mondelli V
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013 May;38(5):603-11. Epub 2013 Jan 28 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.025. PMID: 23369532
A systematic review of the gonadal effects of therapeutic radioactive iodine in male thyroid cancer survivors.
Sawka AM, Lea J, Alshehri B, Straus S, Tsang RW, Brierley JD, Thabane L, Rotstein L, Gafni A, Ezzat S, Goldstein DP
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008 Apr;68(4):610-7. Epub 2007 Oct 31 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03081.x. PMID: 17973944

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