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Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 17 with or without anosmia(HH17)

MedGen UID:
815301
Concept ID:
C3808971
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: HH17; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 17 WITH ANOSMIA; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 17 WITH OR WITHOUT ANOSMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 17 WITHOUT ANOSMIA
 
Gene (location): SPRY4 (5q31.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014102
OMIM®: 615266

Disease characteristics

Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Ravikumar Balasubramanian  |  William F Crowley   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by an isolated defect in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH; 152760) release, action, or both. Other associated nonreproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss, occur with variable frequency. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been called 'Kallmann syndrome (KS),' whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed 'normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH)' (summary by Raivio et al., 2007). Because families have been found to segregate both KS and nIHH, the disorder is here referred to as 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia (HH).' For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia as well as a discussion of oligogenicity of this disorder, see 147950.  http://www.omim.org/entry/615266

Clinical features

From HPO
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Hyposmia
MedGen UID:
473584
Concept ID:
C2364082
Finding
A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors).
Osteopenia
MedGen UID:
18222
Concept ID:
C0029453
Disease or Syndrome
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Abnormality of the dentition
MedGen UID:
78084
Concept ID:
C0262444
Finding
Any abnormality of the teeth.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
MedGen UID:
82883
Concept ID:
C0271623
Disease or Syndrome
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by reduced function of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females) and results from the absence of the gonadal stimulating pituitary hormones

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tritos NA, Miller KK
JAMA 2023 Apr 25;329(16):1386-1398. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5444. PMID: 37097352
Jankovic J, Tan EK
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020 Aug;91(8):795-808. Epub 2020 Jun 23 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322338. PMID: 32576618
Stamou MI, Georgopoulos NA
Metabolism 2018 Sep;86:124-134. Epub 2017 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.012. PMID: 29108899Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Yan CH, Jang SS, Lin HC, Ma Y, Khanwalkar AR, Thai A, Patel ZM
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023 Jun;13(6):989-997. Epub 2022 Dec 21 doi: 10.1002/alr.23116. PMID: 36507615Free PMC Article
Schrag A, Bohlken J, Dammertz L, Teipel S, Hermann W, Akmatov MK, Bätzing J, Holstiege J
JAMA Neurol 2023 Feb 1;80(2):161-171. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3902. PMID: 36342675Free PMC Article
Ahmad SJ, Feigen CM, Vazquez JP, Kobets AJ, Altschul DJ
J Integr Neurosci 2022 Apr 6;21(3):77. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2103077. PMID: 35633158
Bougakov D, Podell K, Goldberg E
Mol Neurobiol 2021 Feb;58(2):564-575. Epub 2020 Sep 29 doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02152-5. PMID: 32990925Free PMC Article
Corona G, Torres LO, Maggi M
J Sex Med 2020 Mar;17(3):447-460. Epub 2020 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.270. PMID: 31928918

Diagnosis

Schrag A, Bohlken J, Dammertz L, Teipel S, Hermann W, Akmatov MK, Bätzing J, Holstiege J
JAMA Neurol 2023 Feb 1;80(2):161-171. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3902. PMID: 36342675Free PMC Article
Dong Y, Li Y, Liu K, Han X, Liu R, Ren Y, Cong L, Zhang Q, Hou T, Song L, Tang S, Shi L, Luo Y, Kalpouzos G, Laukka EJ, Winblad B, Wang Y, Du Y, Qiu C
Alzheimers Dement 2023 Feb;19(2):589-601. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1002/alz.12777. PMID: 36341691
Butler G, Purushothaman P
Minerva Pediatr 2020 Dec;72(6):484-490. Epub 2020 Aug 4 doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05968-X. PMID: 32748610
Khera M, Broderick GA, Carson CC 3rd, Dobs AS, Faraday MM, Goldstein I, Hakim LS, Hellstrom WJ, Kacker R, Köhler TS, Mills JN, Miner M, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Seftel AD, Sharlip ID, Winters SJ, Burnett AL
Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Jul;91(7):908-26. Epub 2016 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.022. PMID: 27343020
Dodé C, Hardelin JP
Eur J Hum Genet 2009 Feb;17(2):139-46. Epub 2008 Nov 5 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.206. PMID: 18985070Free PMC Article

Therapy

Lincoff AM, Bhasin S, Flevaris P, Mitchell LM, Basaria S, Boden WE, Cunningham GR, Granger CB, Khera M, Thompson IM Jr, Wang Q, Wolski K, Davey D, Kalahasti V, Khan N, Miller MG, Snabes MC, Chan A, Dubcenco E, Li X, Yi T, Huang B, Pencina KM, Travison TG, Nissen SE; TRAVERSE Study Investigators
N Engl J Med 2023 Jul 13;389(2):107-117. Epub 2023 Jun 16 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2215025. PMID: 37326322
Yan CH, Jang SS, Lin HC, Ma Y, Khanwalkar AR, Thai A, Patel ZM
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023 Jun;13(6):989-997. Epub 2022 Dec 21 doi: 10.1002/alr.23116. PMID: 36507615Free PMC Article
Christou MA, Christou PA, Markozannes G, Tsatsoulis A, Mastorakos G, Tigas S
Sports Med 2017 Sep;47(9):1869-1883. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0709-z. PMID: 28258581
Khera M, Broderick GA, Carson CC 3rd, Dobs AS, Faraday MM, Goldstein I, Hakim LS, Hellstrom WJ, Kacker R, Köhler TS, Mills JN, Miner M, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Seftel AD, Sharlip ID, Winters SJ, Burnett AL
Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Jul;91(7):908-26. Epub 2016 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.022. PMID: 27343020
Cassidy SB, Driscoll DJ
Eur J Hum Genet 2009 Jan;17(1):3-13. Epub 2008 Sep 10 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.165. PMID: 18781185Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Ladani AP, Loganathan M, Kolikonda MK, Lippmann S
South Med J 2021 Dec;114(12):751-759. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001337. PMID: 34853850Free PMC Article
Papazian EJ, Pinto JM
Chem Senses 2021 Jan 1;46 doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjab045. PMID: 34673938
Butler G, Purushothaman P
Minerva Pediatr 2020 Dec;72(6):484-490. Epub 2020 Aug 4 doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05968-X. PMID: 32748610
Kaye R, Chang CWD, Kazahaya K, Brereton J, Denneny JC 3rd
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jul;163(1):132-134. Epub 2020 Apr 28 doi: 10.1177/0194599820922992. PMID: 32340555
Fung C, Dinh PC, Fossa SD, Travis LB
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019 Dec;17(12):1557-1568. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2019.7369. PMID: 31805527

Clinical prediction guides

Yan CH, Jang SS, Lin HC, Ma Y, Khanwalkar AR, Thai A, Patel ZM
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023 Jun;13(6):989-997. Epub 2022 Dec 21 doi: 10.1002/alr.23116. PMID: 36507615Free PMC Article
Papazian EJ, Pinto JM
Chem Senses 2021 Jan 1;46 doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjab045. PMID: 34673938
Rouadi PW, Idriss SA, Bousquet J
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Jun 1;21(3):229-244. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000735. PMID: 33560742
Butler G, Purushothaman P
Minerva Pediatr 2020 Dec;72(6):484-490. Epub 2020 Aug 4 doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05968-X. PMID: 32748610
Corona G, Torres LO, Maggi M
J Sex Med 2020 Mar;17(3):447-460. Epub 2020 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.270. PMID: 31928918

Recent systematic reviews

Vance DE, Del Bene VA, Kamath V, Frank JS, Billings R, Cho DY, Byun JY, Jacob A, Anderson JN, Visscher K, Triebel K, Martin KM, Li W, Puga F, Fazeli PL
Neuropsychol Rev 2024 Mar;34(1):155-191. Epub 2023 Feb 2 doi: 10.1007/s11065-022-09573-0. PMID: 36725781Free PMC Article
Lu Z, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Guo L, Liao Y, Kang Z, Feng X, Yue W
Transl Psychiatry 2022 Jul 5;12(1):267. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-02027-4. PMID: 35790713Free PMC Article
Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Ayuzo Del Valle NC, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, Villapol S
Sci Rep 2022 Jun 23;12(1):9950. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5. PMID: 35739136Free PMC Article
Malik P, Patel K, Pinto C, Jaiswal R, Tirupathi R, Pillai S, Patel U
J Med Virol 2022 Jan;94(1):253-262. Epub 2021 Sep 7 doi: 10.1002/jmv.27309. PMID: 34463956Free PMC Article
Christou MA, Christou PA, Markozannes G, Tsatsoulis A, Mastorakos G, Tigas S
Sports Med 2017 Sep;47(9):1869-1883. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0709-z. PMID: 28258581

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