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Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 16(MRT16)

MedGen UID:
481784
•Concept ID:
C3280154
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: MRT16
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013629
OMIM®: 614208

Clinical features

From HPO
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
•Concept ID:
C0036572
•
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
•Concept ID:
C3714756
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Synophrys
MedGen UID:
98132
•Concept ID:
C0431447
•
Congenital Abnormality
Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
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Professional guidelines

PubMed

Whole Exome Sequencing as a First-Line Molecular Genetic Test in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Vetri L, Calì F, Saccone S, Vinci M, Chiavetta NV, Carotenuto M, Roccella M, Costanza C, Elia M
Int J Mol Sci 2024 Jan 17;25(2) doi: 10.3390/ijms25021146. PMID: 38256219Free PMC Article
Genotype-phenotype correlations in RHOBTB2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
Langhammer F, Maroofian R, Badar R, Gregor A, Rochman M, Ratliff JB, Koopmans M, Herget T, Hempel M, Kortüm F, Heron D, Mignot C, Keren B, Brooks S, Botti C, Ben-Zeev B, Argilli E, Sherr EH, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Salih MA, Kuechler A, Muller EA, Blocker K, Kuismin O, Park KL, Kochhar A, Brown K, Ramanathan S, Clark RD, Elgizouli M, Melikishvili G, Tabatadze N, Stark Z, Mirzaa GM, Ong J, Grasshoff U, Bevot A, von Wintzingerode L, Jamra RA, Hennig Y, Goldenberg P, Al Alam C, Charif M, Boulouiz R, Bellaoui M, Amrani R, Al Mutairi F, Tamim AM, Abdulwahab F, Alkuraya FS, Khouj EM, Alvi JR, Sultan T, Hashemi N, Karimiani EG, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Sticht H, Zweier C
Genet Med 2023 Aug;25(8):100885. Epub 2023 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100885. PMID: 37165955
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Coughlin CR 2nd, Tseng LA, Abdenur JE, Ashmore C, Boemer F, Bok LA, Boyer M, Buhas D, Clayton PT, Das A, Dekker H, Evangeliou A, Feillet F, Footitt EJ, Gospe SM Jr, Hartmann H, Kara M, Kristensen E, Lee J, Lilje R, Longo N, Lunsing RJ, Mills P, Papadopoulou MT, Pearl PL, Piazzon F, Plecko B, Saini AG, Santra S, Sjarif DR, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Striano P, Van Hove JLK, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Wijburg FA, Zuberi SM, van Karnebeek CDM
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Jan;44(1):178-192. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12332. PMID: 33200442

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hyperekplexia: A Single-Center Experience.
Dolu MH, Öz Tunçer G, Akça Ü, Aydın S, Bahadir O, Sezer Ö, Aksoy A, Taşdemir HA
J Child Neurol 2024 Jun;39(7-8):260-267. Epub 2024 Jul 25 doi: 10.1177/08830738241263243. PMID: 39051604
Next-Generation Sequencing in Unexplained Intellectual Disability.
Sandal S, Verma IC, Mahay SB, Dubey S, Sabharwal RK, Kulshrestha S, Saxena R, Suman P, Kumar P, Puri RD
Indian J Pediatr 2024 Jul;91(7):682-695. Epub 2023 Oct 7 doi: 10.1007/s12098-023-04820-5. PMID: 37804371
The landscape of autosomal-recessive pathogenic variants in European populations reveals phenotype-specific effects.
Fridman H, Yntema HG, Mägi R, Andreson R, Metspalu A, Mezzavila M, Tyler-Smith C, Xue Y, Carmi S, Levy-Lahad E, Gilissen C, Brunner HG
Am J Hum Genet 2021 Apr 1;108(4):608-619. Epub 2021 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.004. PMID: 33740458Free PMC Article
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Coughlin CR 2nd, Tseng LA, Abdenur JE, Ashmore C, Boemer F, Bok LA, Boyer M, Buhas D, Clayton PT, Das A, Dekker H, Evangeliou A, Feillet F, Footitt EJ, Gospe SM Jr, Hartmann H, Kara M, Kristensen E, Lee J, Lilje R, Longo N, Lunsing RJ, Mills P, Papadopoulou MT, Pearl PL, Piazzon F, Plecko B, Saini AG, Santra S, Sjarif DR, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Striano P, Van Hove JLK, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Wijburg FA, Zuberi SM, van Karnebeek CDM
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Jan;44(1):178-192. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12332. PMID: 33200442
Patterns of neurological manifestations in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome.
Bohlega S, Abusrair AH, Al-Ajlan FS, Alharbi N, Al-Semari A, Bohlega B, Abualsaud D, Alkuraya F
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019 Dec;69:99-103. Epub 2019 Oct 13 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.007. PMID: 31726291

Diagnosis

Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders.
Maroofian R, Kaiyrzhanov R, Cali E, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Ferla M, Tortora D, Sadeghian S, Saadi SM, Abdullah U, Karimiani EG, Efthymiou S, Yeşil G, Alavi S, Al Shamsi AM, Tajsharghi H, Abdel-Hamid MS, Saadi NW, Al Mutairi F, Alabdi L, Beetz C, Ali Z, Toosi MB, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Babaei M, Isohanni P, Muhammad J, Khan S, Al Shalan M, Hickey SE, Marom D, Elhanan E, Kurian MA, Marafi D, Saberi A, Hamid M, Spaull R, Meng L, Lalani S, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Seeger J, Palculict TB, Lau T, Murphy D, Mencacci NE, Steindl K, Begemann A, Rauch A, Akbas S, Aslanger AD, Salpietro V, Yousaf H, Ben-Shachar S, Ejeskär K, Al Aqeel AI, High FA, Armstrong-Javors AE, Zahraei SM, Seifi T, Zeighami J, Shariati G, Sedaghat A, Asl SN, Shahrooei M, Zifarelli G, Burglen L, Ravelli C, Zschocke J, Schatz UA, Ghavideldarestani M, Kamel WA, Van Esch H, Hackenberg A, Taylor JC, Al-Gazali L, Bauer P, Gleeson JJ, Alkuraya FS, Lupski JR, Galehdari H, Azizimalamiri R, Chung WK, Baig SM, Houlden H, Severino M
Brain 2023 Dec 1;146(12):5031-5043. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad257. PMID: 37517035Free PMC Article
Genetic etiology and clinical challenges of phenylketonuria.
Elhawary NA, AlJahdali IA, Abumansour IS, Elhawary EN, Gaboon N, Dandini M, Madkhali A, Alosaimi W, Alzahrani A, Aljohani F, Melibary EM, Kensara OA
Hum Genomics 2022 Jul 19;16(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40246-022-00398-9. PMID: 35854334Free PMC Article
Spectrum of neuro-genetic disorders in the United Arab Emirates national population.
Saleh S, Beyyumi E, Al Kaabi A, Hertecant J, Barakat D, Al Dhaheri NS, Al-Gazali L, Al Shamsi A
Clin Genet 2021 Nov;100(5):573-600. Epub 2021 Aug 19 doi: 10.1111/cge.14044. PMID: 34374989
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Coughlin CR 2nd, Tseng LA, Abdenur JE, Ashmore C, Boemer F, Bok LA, Boyer M, Buhas D, Clayton PT, Das A, Dekker H, Evangeliou A, Feillet F, Footitt EJ, Gospe SM Jr, Hartmann H, Kara M, Kristensen E, Lee J, Lilje R, Longo N, Lunsing RJ, Mills P, Papadopoulou MT, Pearl PL, Piazzon F, Plecko B, Saini AG, Santra S, Sjarif DR, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Striano P, Van Hove JLK, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Wijburg FA, Zuberi SM, van Karnebeek CDM
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Jan;44(1):178-192. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12332. PMID: 33200442
Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability.
de Ligt J, Willemsen MH, van Bon BW, Kleefstra T, Yntema HG, Kroes T, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Koolen DA, de Vries P, Gilissen C, del Rosario M, Hoischen A, Scheffer H, de Vries BB, Brunner HG, Veltman JA, Vissers LE
N Engl J Med 2012 Nov 15;367(20):1921-9. Epub 2012 Oct 3 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1206524. PMID: 23033978

Therapy

The clinical and molecular spectrum of ZFYVE26-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG15.
Saffari A, Kellner M, Jordan C, Rosengarten H, Mo A, Zhang B, Strelko O, Neuser S, Davis MY, Yoshikura N, Futamura N, Takeuchi T, Nabatame S, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Aldeen HS, Cali E, Rocca C, Houlden H, Efthymiou S, Assmann B, Yoon G, Trombetta BA, Kivisäkk P, Eichler F, Nan H, Takiyama Y, Tessa A, Santorelli FM, Sahin M, Blackstone C, Yang E, Schüle R, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D
Brain 2023 May 2;146(5):2003-2015. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac391. PMID: 36315648Free PMC Article
Genetic etiology and clinical challenges of phenylketonuria.
Elhawary NA, AlJahdali IA, Abumansour IS, Elhawary EN, Gaboon N, Dandini M, Madkhali A, Alosaimi W, Alzahrani A, Aljohani F, Melibary EM, Kensara OA
Hum Genomics 2022 Jul 19;16(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40246-022-00398-9. PMID: 35854334Free PMC Article
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Coughlin CR 2nd, Tseng LA, Abdenur JE, Ashmore C, Boemer F, Bok LA, Boyer M, Buhas D, Clayton PT, Das A, Dekker H, Evangeliou A, Feillet F, Footitt EJ, Gospe SM Jr, Hartmann H, Kara M, Kristensen E, Lee J, Lilje R, Longo N, Lunsing RJ, Mills P, Papadopoulou MT, Pearl PL, Piazzon F, Plecko B, Saini AG, Santra S, Sjarif DR, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Striano P, Van Hove JLK, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Wijburg FA, Zuberi SM, van Karnebeek CDM
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Jan;44(1):178-192. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12332. PMID: 33200442
Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency: Clinical features and long term outcomes in 16 patients diagnosed worldwide.
Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Apatean D, Battini R, DeBrosse S, Dessoffy K, Edvardson S, Eichler F, Johnston K, Koeller DM, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Verma A, Dowling MD, Wierenga KJ, Wierenga AM, Zhang V, Wong LJ
Mol Genet Metab 2015 Dec;116(4):252-9. Epub 2015 Oct 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.003. PMID: 26490222
Neurological findings and genetic alterations in patients with Kostmann syndrome and HAX1 mutations.
Roques G, Munzer M, Barthez MA, Beaufils S, Beaupain B, Flood T, Keren B, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Donadieu J
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014 Jun;61(6):1041-8. Epub 2014 Jan 30 doi: 10.1002/pbc.24964. PMID: 24482108

Prognosis

Hyperekplexia: A Single-Center Experience.
Dolu MH, Öz Tunçer G, Akça Ü, Aydın S, Bahadir O, Sezer Ö, Aksoy A, Taşdemir HA
J Child Neurol 2024 Jun;39(7-8):260-267. Epub 2024 Jul 25 doi: 10.1177/08830738241263243. PMID: 39051604
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: Further expanding the ROBO3 spectrum.
Günbey C, Çavdarlı B, Göçmen R, Yazıcı M, Temuçin ÇM, Özdemir Ö, Çırak S, Haliloğlu G
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024 Aug;11(8):2088-2099. Epub 2024 Jun 21 doi: 10.1002/acn3.52129. PMID: 39030736Free PMC Article
Patterns of neurological manifestations in Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome.
Bohlega S, Abusrair AH, Al-Ajlan FS, Alharbi N, Al-Semari A, Bohlega B, Abualsaud D, Alkuraya F
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019 Dec;69:99-103. Epub 2019 Oct 13 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.007. PMID: 31726291
EAST/SeSAME syndrome: Review of the literature and introduction of four new Latvian patients.
Celmina M, Micule I, Inashkina I, Audere M, Kuske S, Pereca J, Stavusis J, Pelnena D, Strautmanis J
Clin Genet 2019 Jan;95(1):63-78. Epub 2018 Jul 8 doi: 10.1111/cge.13374. PMID: 29722015
Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability.
de Ligt J, Willemsen MH, van Bon BW, Kleefstra T, Yntema HG, Kroes T, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Koolen DA, de Vries P, Gilissen C, del Rosario M, Hoischen A, Scheffer H, de Vries BB, Brunner HG, Veltman JA, Vissers LE
N Engl J Med 2012 Nov 15;367(20):1921-9. Epub 2012 Oct 3 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1206524. PMID: 23033978

Clinical prediction guides

Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders.
Maroofian R, Kaiyrzhanov R, Cali E, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Ferla M, Tortora D, Sadeghian S, Saadi SM, Abdullah U, Karimiani EG, Efthymiou S, Yeşil G, Alavi S, Al Shamsi AM, Tajsharghi H, Abdel-Hamid MS, Saadi NW, Al Mutairi F, Alabdi L, Beetz C, Ali Z, Toosi MB, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Babaei M, Isohanni P, Muhammad J, Khan S, Al Shalan M, Hickey SE, Marom D, Elhanan E, Kurian MA, Marafi D, Saberi A, Hamid M, Spaull R, Meng L, Lalani S, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Seeger J, Palculict TB, Lau T, Murphy D, Mencacci NE, Steindl K, Begemann A, Rauch A, Akbas S, Aslanger AD, Salpietro V, Yousaf H, Ben-Shachar S, Ejeskär K, Al Aqeel AI, High FA, Armstrong-Javors AE, Zahraei SM, Seifi T, Zeighami J, Shariati G, Sedaghat A, Asl SN, Shahrooei M, Zifarelli G, Burglen L, Ravelli C, Zschocke J, Schatz UA, Ghavideldarestani M, Kamel WA, Van Esch H, Hackenberg A, Taylor JC, Al-Gazali L, Bauer P, Gleeson JJ, Alkuraya FS, Lupski JR, Galehdari H, Azizimalamiri R, Chung WK, Baig SM, Houlden H, Severino M
Brain 2023 Dec 1;146(12):5031-5043. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad257. PMID: 37517035Free PMC Article
Genotype-phenotype correlations in RHOBTB2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
Langhammer F, Maroofian R, Badar R, Gregor A, Rochman M, Ratliff JB, Koopmans M, Herget T, Hempel M, Kortüm F, Heron D, Mignot C, Keren B, Brooks S, Botti C, Ben-Zeev B, Argilli E, Sherr EH, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Salih MA, Kuechler A, Muller EA, Blocker K, Kuismin O, Park KL, Kochhar A, Brown K, Ramanathan S, Clark RD, Elgizouli M, Melikishvili G, Tabatadze N, Stark Z, Mirzaa GM, Ong J, Grasshoff U, Bevot A, von Wintzingerode L, Jamra RA, Hennig Y, Goldenberg P, Al Alam C, Charif M, Boulouiz R, Bellaoui M, Amrani R, Al Mutairi F, Tamim AM, Abdulwahab F, Alkuraya FS, Khouj EM, Alvi JR, Sultan T, Hashemi N, Karimiani EG, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Sticht H, Zweier C
Genet Med 2023 Aug;25(8):100885. Epub 2023 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100885. PMID: 37165955
The clinical and molecular spectrum of ZFYVE26-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG15.
Saffari A, Kellner M, Jordan C, Rosengarten H, Mo A, Zhang B, Strelko O, Neuser S, Davis MY, Yoshikura N, Futamura N, Takeuchi T, Nabatame S, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Aldeen HS, Cali E, Rocca C, Houlden H, Efthymiou S, Assmann B, Yoon G, Trombetta BA, Kivisäkk P, Eichler F, Nan H, Takiyama Y, Tessa A, Santorelli FM, Sahin M, Blackstone C, Yang E, Schüle R, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D
Brain 2023 May 2;146(5):2003-2015. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac391. PMID: 36315648Free PMC Article
Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability.
de Ligt J, Willemsen MH, van Bon BW, Kleefstra T, Yntema HG, Kroes T, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Koolen DA, de Vries P, Gilissen C, del Rosario M, Hoischen A, Scheffer H, de Vries BB, Brunner HG, Veltman JA, Vissers LE
N Engl J Med 2012 Nov 15;367(20):1921-9. Epub 2012 Oct 3 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1206524. PMID: 23033978
Adrenoleukodystrophy.
Lenard HG
Neuropediatrics 1984 Sep;15 Suppl:16-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1052375. PMID: 6100794

Recent systematic reviews

Hyperlysinemia, an ultrarare inborn error of metabolism: Review and update.
Marinella G, Pascarella F, Vetro A, Bonuccelli A, Pochiero F, Santangelo A, Alessandrì MG, Pasquariello R, Orsini A, Battini R
Seizure 2024 Aug;120:135-141. Epub 2024 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.06.020. PMID: 38991296
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Coughlin CR 2nd, Tseng LA, Abdenur JE, Ashmore C, Boemer F, Bok LA, Boyer M, Buhas D, Clayton PT, Das A, Dekker H, Evangeliou A, Feillet F, Footitt EJ, Gospe SM Jr, Hartmann H, Kara M, Kristensen E, Lee J, Lilje R, Longo N, Lunsing RJ, Mills P, Papadopoulou MT, Pearl PL, Piazzon F, Plecko B, Saini AG, Santra S, Sjarif DR, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Striano P, Van Hove JLK, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Wijburg FA, Zuberi SM, van Karnebeek CDM
J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Jan;44(1):178-192. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12332. PMID: 33200442

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