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Strabismus, susceptibility to(STBMS1)

MedGen UID:
350026
Concept ID:
C1861449
Finding
Synonym: STBMS1
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0008498
OMIM®: 185100

Definition

Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes also referred to as 'squint,' is one of the most common ocular disorders in humans, affecting 1 to 4% of the population. It is frequently associated with amblyopia (uniocular visual neglect) (Parikh et al., 2003). Strabismus is also a feature of several syndromes, including congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (see, e.g., CFEOM1; 135700), Duane retraction syndrome (126800), and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with myopathy (530000). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Microtropia
MedGen UID:
543296
Concept ID:
C0271356
Disease or Syndrome
A small angle heterotropia (usually of 10 diopters or less) in which a form of binocular single vision occurs.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Europa TA, Nel M, Heckmann JM
Neuromuscul Disord 2019 May;29(5):381-387. Epub 2019 Mar 26 doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.03.009. PMID: 31029532
Raczyńska D, Zorena K, Urban B, Zalewski D, Skorek A, Malukiewicz G, Sikorski BL
Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:492926. Epub 2014 Feb 13 doi: 10.1155/2014/492926. PMID: 24688225Free PMC Article
Chintagumpala M, Chevez-Barrios P, Paysse EA, Plon SE, Hurwitz R
Oncologist 2007 Oct;12(10):1237-46. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-10-1237. PMID: 17962617

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Singh A, Pandey PK, Agrawal A, Mittal SK, Rana KM, Bahuguna C
Int Ophthalmol 2017 Dec;37(6):1369-1381. Epub 2016 Nov 11 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z. PMID: 27837354
Wilmer JB, Backus BT
Vision Res 2009 Oct;49(20):2485-93. Epub 2009 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.006. PMID: 19679148Free PMC Article
Chintagumpala M, Chevez-Barrios P, Paysse EA, Plon SE, Hurwitz R
Oncologist 2007 Oct;12(10):1237-46. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-10-1237. PMID: 17962617
Trillenberg P, Lencer R, Heide W
Curr Opin Neurol 2004 Feb;17(1):43-7. doi: 10.1097/00019052-200402000-00008. PMID: 15090876
Schworm HD, Rudolph G
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):310-7. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00004. PMID: 11148695

Diagnosis

Bhatia A, Mirsky DM, Mankad K, Zuccoli G, Panigrahy A, Nischal KK
Pediatr Radiol 2021 May;51(6):991-996. Epub 2021 Mar 12 doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04897-6. PMID: 33710408
Little JA
Clin Exp Optom 2018 Jul;101(4):504-513. Epub 2018 Jan 11 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12651. PMID: 29323426
McKay VH, Touil LL, Jenkins D, Fattah AY
Arch Dis Child 2016 Sep;101(9):843-6. Epub 2016 Feb 11 doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310043. PMID: 26868039
Schworm HD, Rudolph G
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):310-7. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00004. PMID: 11148695
Marmor M
Surv Ophthalmol 1983 Sep-Oct;28(2):117-27. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(83)90081-4. PMID: 6359512

Therapy

Theis J, Chen AM, Burgher AP, Greenspan LD, Morgenstern A, Salzano AD, Yap TP, Scheiman M, Roberts TL
BMJ Open 2023 Oct 19;13(10):e073656. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073656. PMID: 37857540Free PMC Article
Raczyńska D, Zorena K, Urban B, Zalewski D, Skorek A, Malukiewicz G, Sikorski BL
Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:492926. Epub 2014 Feb 13 doi: 10.1155/2014/492926. PMID: 24688225Free PMC Article
Galli M
Am Orthopt J 2012;62:19-21. doi: 10.3368/aoj.62.1.19. PMID: 23002470
Schworm HD, Rudolph G
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):310-7. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00004. PMID: 11148695
Marmor M
Surv Ophthalmol 1983 Sep-Oct;28(2):117-27. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(83)90081-4. PMID: 6359512

Prognosis

Comberiati AM, Graziani M, Malvasi M, Trovato Battagliola E, Compagno S, Malvasi VM, Migliorini R, Salducci M
Clin Ter 2023 Jan-Feb;174(1):48-52. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.5008. PMID: 36655644
Singh A, Pandey PK, Agrawal A, Mittal SK, Rana KM, Bahuguna C
Int Ophthalmol 2017 Dec;37(6):1369-1381. Epub 2016 Nov 11 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z. PMID: 27837354
Katoh M
Int J Mol Med 2002 Jul;10(1):11-5. PMID: 12060845
Schworm HD, Rudolph G
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):310-7. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00004. PMID: 11148695
Heufelder AE, Joba W
Strabismus 2000 Jun;8(2):101-11. PMID: 10980691

Clinical prediction guides

Alvarez TL, Scheiman M, Morales C, Gohel S, Sangoi A, Santos EM, Yaramothu C, d'Antonio-Bertagnolli JV, Li X, Biswal BB
Sci Rep 2021 Mar 22;11(1):6545. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86171-9. PMID: 33753864Free PMC Article
Fels R
Am Orthopt J 2017 Jan;67(1):89-92. doi: 10.3368/aoj.67.1.89. PMID: 28904220
Lee JY, Kim NK, Cho YW, Lew H
Mol Med Rep 2016 Sep;14(3):2276-82. Epub 2016 Jun 30 doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5458. PMID: 27430300
Jackson DN, Bedell HE
Strabismus 2012 Mar;20(1):17-23. doi: 10.3109/09273972.2011.650813. PMID: 22390327Free PMC Article
Katoh M
Int J Mol Med 2002 Jul;10(1):11-5. PMID: 12060845

Recent systematic reviews

Pur DR, Sivakumar GK, Bursztyn LLCD, Iordanous Y, de Ribaupierre S
Can J Ophthalmol 2024 Oct;59(5):e547-e556. Epub 2023 Aug 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.07.021. PMID: 37640228

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