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Periventricular heterotopia with microcephaly, autosomal recessive(ARPHM)

MedGen UID:
334110
Concept ID:
C1842563
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: ARPHM; Periventricular heterotopia with microcephaly; PERIVENTRICULAR NODULAR HETEROTOPIA 2
 
Gene (location): ARFGEF2 (20q13.13)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011966
OMIM®: 608097

Clinical features

From HPO
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Intellectual disability, severe
MedGen UID:
48638
Concept ID:
C0036857
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.
Tetraparesis
MedGen UID:
78731
Concept ID:
C0270790
Finding
Weakness of all four limbs.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Hypsarrhythmia
MedGen UID:
195766
Concept ID:
C0684276
Finding
Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (>200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG).
Reduced eye contact
MedGen UID:
303190
Concept ID:
C1445953
Finding
A reduced frequency or duration of eye contact.
Periventricular nodular heterotopia
MedGen UID:
358387
Concept ID:
C1868720
Disease or Syndrome
Nodules of heterotopia along the ventricular walls. There can be a single nodule or a large number of nodules, they can exist on either or both sides of the brain at any point along the higher ventricle margins, they can be small or large, single or multiple.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Periventricular heterotopia
MedGen UID:
1766888
Concept ID:
C5399973
Disease or Syndrome
A form of gray matter heterotopia were the mislocalized gray matter is typically located periventricularly, also sometimes called subependymal heterotopia. Periventricular means beside the ventricles. This is by far the most common location for heterotopia. Subependymal heterotopia present in a wide array of variations. There can be a small single node or a large number of nodes, can exist on either or both sides of the brain at any point along the higher ventricle margins, can be small or large, single or multiple, and can form a small node or a large wavy or curved mass.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Progressive microcephaly
MedGen UID:
340542
Concept ID:
C1850456
Anatomical Abnormality
Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and gender-dependent norms.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Guerrini R, Marini C
Exp Brain Res 2006 Aug;173(2):322-33. Epub 2006 May 25 doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0501-z. PMID: 16724181

Diagnosis

Bardón-Cancho EJ, Muñoz-Jiménez L, Vázquez-López M, Ruíz-Martín Y, García-Morín M, Barredo-Valderrama E
Pediatr Neurol 2014 Sep;51(3):461-4. Epub 2014 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.05.008. PMID: 25160555
Cardoso C, Boys A, Parrini E, Mignon-Ravix C, McMahon JM, Khantane S, Bertini E, Pallesi E, Missirian C, Zuffardi O, Novara F, Villard L, Giglio S, Chabrol B, Slater HR, Moncla A, Scheffer IE, Guerrini R
Neurology 2009 Mar 3;72(9):784-92. Epub 2008 Dec 10 doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000336339.08878.2d. PMID: 19073947
Jones HD, Moss J, Vaughan M
Methods Enzymol 2005;404:174-84. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)04017-6. PMID: 16413268
Lu J, Sheen V
Epilepsy Behav 2005 Sep;7(2):143-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.05.001. PMID: 15996530

Clinical prediction guides

Cardoso C, Boys A, Parrini E, Mignon-Ravix C, McMahon JM, Khantane S, Bertini E, Pallesi E, Missirian C, Zuffardi O, Novara F, Villard L, Giglio S, Chabrol B, Slater HR, Moncla A, Scheffer IE, Guerrini R
Neurology 2009 Mar 3;72(9):784-92. Epub 2008 Dec 10 doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000336339.08878.2d. PMID: 19073947

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