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Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome

MedGen UID:
163898
•Concept ID:
C0878576
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior; Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes, Posterior; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome; Syndrome, Posterior Leukoencephalopathy; Syndromes, Posterior Leukoencephalopathy
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0044033

Definition

An acute or subacute reversible condition characterized by headaches, mental status changes, visual disturbances, and seizures associated with imaging findings of posterior leukoencephalopathy. It has been observed in association with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, and immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drug treatment. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPosterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pediatric patients: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
Ghali MGZ, Davanzo J, Leo M, Rizk E
Leuk Lymphoma 2019 Oct;60(10):2365-2372. Epub 2019 Sep 26 doi: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1594210. PMID: 31556774
Seizures and epilepsy in cancer: etiologies, evaluation, and management.
Grewal J, Grewal HK, Forman AD
Curr Oncol Rep 2008 Jan;10(1):63-71. doi: 10.1007/s11912-008-0010-2. PMID: 18366962
Management of acute severe hypertension and encephalopathy.
Mabie WC
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1999 Sep;42(3):519-31. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199909000-00008. PMID: 10451768

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Disease.
Catherine C, Veitinger J, Chou SH
Semin Neurol 2023 Apr;43(2):219-228. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1768475. PMID: 37216977
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.
Ando Y, Ono Y, Sano A, Fujita N, Ono S
Intern Med 2022 Jan 15;61(2):135-141. Epub 2021 Jul 17 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7520-21. PMID: 34275982Free PMC Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.
Gewirtz AN, Gao V, Parauda SC, Robbins MS
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021 Feb 25;25(3):19. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00932-1. PMID: 33630183Free PMC Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Transplantation: a Review.
Chen S, Hu J, Xu L, Brandon D, Yu J, Zhang J
Mol Neurobiol 2016 Dec;53(10):6897-6909. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9560-0. PMID: 26666662
Recurrent childhood PRES.
Donmez FY, Agildere AM
Neurol Sci 2015 Sep;36(9):1603-9. Epub 2015 Apr 18 doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2212-3. PMID: 25894844

Diagnosis

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management.
Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T
Pract Neurol 2022 Jun;22(3):183-189. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194. PMID: 35046115
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
Fischer M, Schmutzhard E
J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1608-1616. Epub 2017 Jan 4 doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8377-8. PMID: 28054130Free PMC Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Transplantation: a Review.
Chen S, Hu J, Xu L, Brandon D, Yu J, Zhang J
Mol Neurobiol 2016 Dec;53(10):6897-6909. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9560-0. PMID: 26666662
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology, and outstanding questions.
Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA
Lancet Neurol 2015 Sep;14(9):914-925. Epub 2015 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00111-8. PMID: 26184985
Recurrent childhood PRES.
Donmez FY, Agildere AM
Neurol Sci 2015 Sep;36(9):1603-9. Epub 2015 Apr 18 doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2212-3. PMID: 25894844

Therapy

Convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: a practical guide.
Ly JV, Ma H, Shaloo S, Clissold B, Phan T
Pract Neurol 2023 Oct;23(5):368-375. Epub 2023 Apr 28 doi: 10.1136/pn-2022-003572. PMID: 37116951Free PMC Article
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management.
Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T
Pract Neurol 2022 Jun;22(3):183-189. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194. PMID: 35046115
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Transplantation: a Review.
Chen S, Hu J, Xu L, Brandon D, Yu J, Zhang J
Mol Neurobiol 2016 Dec;53(10):6897-6909. Epub 2015 Dec 14 doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9560-0. PMID: 26666662
Cerebrovascular emergencies in pregnancy.
Shainker SA, Edlow JA, O'Brien K
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015 Jul;29(5):721-31. Epub 2015 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.03.004. PMID: 25890883
Vanishing brainstem edema.
McCarron MO, McKinstry CS
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2008 May-Jun;17(3):156-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.12.006. PMID: 18436158

Prognosis

COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Disease.
Catherine C, Veitinger J, Chou SH
Semin Neurol 2023 Apr;43(2):219-228. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1768475. PMID: 37216977
Convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage: a practical guide.
Ly JV, Ma H, Shaloo S, Clissold B, Phan T
Pract Neurol 2023 Oct;23(5):368-375. Epub 2023 Apr 28 doi: 10.1136/pn-2022-003572. PMID: 37116951Free PMC Article
Neurological Complications of Dengue Fever.
Trivedi S, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022 Aug;22(8):515-529. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01213-7. PMID: 35727463Free PMC Article
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.
Ando Y, Ono Y, Sano A, Fujita N, Ono S
Intern Med 2022 Jan 15;61(2):135-141. Epub 2021 Jul 17 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7520-21. PMID: 34275982Free PMC Article
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
Fischer M, Schmutzhard E
J Neurol 2017 Aug;264(8):1608-1616. Epub 2017 Jan 4 doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8377-8. PMID: 28054130Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A review of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment.
Singhal AB
Int J Stroke 2023 Dec;18(10):1151-1160. Epub 2023 Jun 12 doi: 10.1177/17474930231181250. PMID: 37246916
Neurological Complications of Dengue Fever.
Trivedi S, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022 Aug;22(8):515-529. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01213-7. PMID: 35727463Free PMC Article
Thalamic lesions: a radiological review.
Renard D, Castelnovo G, Campello C, Bouly S, Le Floch A, Thouvenot E, Waconge A, Taieb G
Behav Neurol 2014;2014:154631. Epub 2014 Jul 2 doi: 10.1155/2014/154631. PMID: 25100900Free PMC Article
Ciprofloxacin-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy.
Ali WH
BMJ Case Rep 2013 Apr 11;2013 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008636. PMID: 23585504Free PMC Article
Neurologic complications of pre-eclampsia.
Zeeman GG
Semin Perinatol 2009 Jun;33(3):166-72. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2009.02.003. PMID: 19464507

Recent systematic reviews

Frequency of ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) - A systematic review.
Kaufmann J, Buecke P, Meinel T, Beyeler M, Scutelnic A, Kaesmacher J, Mujanović A, Dobrocky T, Arsany H, Peters N, Z'Graggen W, Jung S, Seiffge D
Eur J Neurol 2024 May;31(5):e16246. Epub 2024 Mar 12 doi: 10.1111/ene.16246. PMID: 38470001Free PMC Article
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome associated with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis: systematic review.
Orlando C, Milani GP, Simonetti GD, Goeggel Simonetti B, Lava SAG, Wyttenbach R, Bianchetti MG, Cristallo Lacalamita M
Pediatr Nephrol 2022 Apr;37(4):833-841. Epub 2021 Sep 21 doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05244-z. PMID: 34546419Free PMC Article
Noninfectious neurologic complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation: A systematic review.
Sheikh MA, Toledano M, Ahmed S, Gul Z, Hashmi SK
Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021 Jun;14(2):87-94. Epub 2020 May 21 doi: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.05.006. PMID: 32516577
Porphyria-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and central nervous system dysfunction.
Jaramillo-Calle DA, Solano JM, Rabinstein AA, Bonkovsky HL
Mol Genet Metab 2019 Nov;128(3):242-253. Epub 2019 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.011. PMID: 31706631
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and infection: a systematic review of the literature.
Racchiusa S, Mormina E, Ax A, Musumeci O, Longo M, Granata F
Neurol Sci 2019 May;40(5):915-922. Epub 2019 Jan 2 doi: 10.1007/s10072-018-3651-4. PMID: 30604335

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