From HPO
Cryptorchidism- MedGen UID:
- 8192
- •Concept ID:
- C0010417
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Proteinuria- MedGen UID:
- 10976
- •Concept ID:
- C0033687
- •
- Finding
Increased levels of protein in the urine.
Irregular menstruation- MedGen UID:
- 56379
- •Concept ID:
- C0156404
- •
- Finding
Abnormally high variation in the amount of time between periods.
Renal insufficiency- MedGen UID:
- 332529
- •Concept ID:
- C1565489
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in the level of performance of the kidneys in areas of function comprising the concentration of urine, removal of wastes, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, homeostasis of blood pressure, and calcium metabolism.
Micropenis- MedGen UID:
- 1633603
- •Concept ID:
- C4551492
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Ivory epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand- MedGen UID:
- 346631
- •Concept ID:
- C1857651
- •
- Finding
Sclerosis of the epiphyses of the phalanges of the fingers, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays.
Cardiac arrhythmia- MedGen UID:
- 2039
- •Concept ID:
- C0003811
- •
- Finding
Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.
Hypertensive disorder- MedGen UID:
- 6969
- •Concept ID:
- C0020538
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system.
Persistent left superior vena cava- MedGen UID:
- 75586
- •Concept ID:
- C0265931
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A rare congenital vascular anomaly that results when the left superior cardinal vein caudal to the innominate vein fails to regress.
Fetal growth restriction- MedGen UID:
- 4693
- •Concept ID:
- C0015934
- •
- Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Short stature- MedGen UID:
- 87607
- •Concept ID:
- C0349588
- •
- Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Severe postnatal growth retardation- MedGen UID:
- 347510
- •Concept ID:
- C1857641
- •
- Finding
Severely slow or limited growth after birth, being four standard deviations or more below age- and sex-related norms.
Failure to thrive- MedGen UID:
- 746019
- •Concept ID:
- C2315100
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Hepatomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 42428
- •Concept ID:
- C0019209
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder- MedGen UID:
- 9164
- •Concept ID:
- C0018784
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Abnormal pinna morphology- MedGen UID:
- 167800
- •Concept ID:
- C0857379
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear.
Cerebellar ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 849
- •Concept ID:
- C0007758
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Dysarthria- MedGen UID:
- 8510
- •Concept ID:
- C0013362
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus- MedGen UID:
- 42526
- •Concept ID:
- C0020258
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus-1 (HYDNP1) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by the clinical triad of slowly progressive gait instability, urinary incontinence, and cognitive decline associated with ventricular enlargement on brain imaging with normal pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The onset of symptoms is usually in late adulthood; the symptoms are responsive to shunting. The disorder has been associated with recurrent respiratory infections and possible infertility issues, but the latter has not been confirmed (summary by Takahashi et al., 2011 and Morimoto et al., 2019).
Seizure- MedGen UID:
- 20693
- •Concept ID:
- C0036572
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Tremor- MedGen UID:
- 21635
- •Concept ID:
- C0040822
- •
- Sign or Symptom
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.
Polyneuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 57502
- •Concept ID:
- C0152025
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A generalized disorder of peripheral nerves.
Cerebral atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 116012
- •Concept ID:
- C0235946
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Dementia- MedGen UID:
- 99229
- •Concept ID:
- C0497327
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.
Abnormality of visual evoked potentials- MedGen UID:
- 105509
- •Concept ID:
- C0522214
- •
- Finding
An anomaly of visually evoked potentials (VEP), which are electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex.
Abnormal auditory evoked potentials- MedGen UID:
- 141758
- •Concept ID:
- C0522216
- •
- Finding
An abnormality of the auditory evoked potentials, which are used to trace the signal generated by a sound, from the cochlear nerve, through the lateral lemniscus, to the medial geniculate nucleus, and to the cortex.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Gait disturbance- MedGen UID:
- 107895
- •Concept ID:
- C0575081
- •
- Finding
The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. In general, this can refer to neurological diseases but also fractures or other sources of pain that is triggered upon walking. However, in the current context gait disturbance refers to difficulty walking on the basis of a neurological or muscular disease.
Cerebellar atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 196624
- •Concept ID:
- C0740279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Patchy demyelination of subcortical white matter- MedGen UID:
- 341813
- •Concept ID:
- C1857638
- •
- Finding
Patchy loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.
Decreased nerve conduction velocity- MedGen UID:
- 347509
- •Concept ID:
- C1857640
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the speed at which electrical signals propagate along the axon of a neuron.
Ventriculomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 480553
- •Concept ID:
- C3278923
- •
- Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Peripheral dysmyelination- MedGen UID:
- 871139
- •Concept ID:
- C4025610
- •
- Finding
Defective structure and function of myelin sheaths. Dysmyelination is distinguished from demyleination where there is destruction or damage of previously normal myelination.
Abnormal peripheral myelination- MedGen UID:
- 871174
- •Concept ID:
- C4025648
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the myelination of motor and sensory peripheral nerves. These are axons for motor nerves and dendrites for sensory nerves in the strict anatomic sense.
Kyphosis- MedGen UID:
- 44042
- •Concept ID:
- C0022821
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 57735
- •Concept ID:
- C0151786
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Hip contracture- MedGen UID:
- 140815
- •Concept ID:
- C0409354
- •
- Acquired Abnormality
Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the hip joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin.
Basal ganglia calcification- MedGen UID:
- 234651
- •Concept ID:
- C1389280
- •
- Pathologic Function
The presence of calcium deposition affecting one or more structures of the basal ganglia.
Loss of facial adipose tissue- MedGen UID:
- 325251
- •Concept ID:
- C1837767
- •
- Finding
Loss of normal subcutaneous fat tissue in the face.
Square pelvis bone- MedGen UID:
- 337928
- •Concept ID:
- C1849953
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormally squared appearance of the bony pelvis, a normally rounded or basin-shaped structure.
Limitation of joint mobility- MedGen UID:
- 341696
- •Concept ID:
- C1857108
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the freedom of movement of one or more joints.
Reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue- MedGen UID:
- 387876
- •Concept ID:
- C1857657
- •
- Finding
A reduced amount of fat tissue in the lowest layer of the integument. This feature can be appreciated by a reduced skinfold thickness.
Thickened calvaria- MedGen UID:
- 346823
- •Concept ID:
- C1858452
- •
- Finding
The presence of an abnormally thick calvaria.
Hypoplastic iliac wing- MedGen UID:
- 351279
- •Concept ID:
- C1865027
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the ilium ala.
Hypoplastic pelvis- MedGen UID:
- 760700
- •Concept ID:
- C3536734
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the bony pelvis.
Atypical scarring of skin- MedGen UID:
- 867415
- •Concept ID:
- C4021786
- •
- Pathologic Function
Atypically scarred skin .
Microcephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1644158
- •Concept ID:
- C4551563
- •
- Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Splenomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 52469
- •Concept ID:
- C0038002
- •
- Finding
Abnormal increased size of the spleen.
Thymic hormone decreased- MedGen UID:
- 341815
- •Concept ID:
- C1857652
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the level of thymic horomone.
Carious teeth- MedGen UID:
- 8288
- •Concept ID:
- C0011334
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.
Enamel hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 3730
- •Concept ID:
- C0011351
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel.
Dental malocclusion- MedGen UID:
- 9869
- •Concept ID:
- C0024636
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Dental malocclusion refers to an abnormality of the occlusion, or alignment, of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together, resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns.
Hypoplasia of teeth- MedGen UID:
- 852449
- •Concept ID:
- C0235357
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of teeth.
Mandibular prognathia- MedGen UID:
- 98316
- •Concept ID:
- C0399526
- •
- Finding
Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.
Prominent nose- MedGen UID:
- 98423
- •Concept ID:
- C0426415
- •
- Finding
Distance between subnasale and pronasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased anterior protrusion of the nasal tip.
Delayed eruption of primary teeth- MedGen UID:
- 341477
- •Concept ID:
- C1849538
- •
- Finding
Delayed tooth eruption affecting the primary dentition.
Slender nose- MedGen UID:
- 347514
- •Concept ID:
- C1857645
- •
- Finding
Anhidrosis- MedGen UID:
- 1550
- •Concept ID:
- C0003028
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Inability to sweat.
Dry skin- MedGen UID:
- 56250
- •Concept ID:
- C0151908
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Skin characterized by the lack of natural or normal moisture.
Dry hair- MedGen UID:
- 75809
- •Concept ID:
- C0277960
- •
- Finding
Hair that lacks the luster (shine or gleam) of normal hair.
Cutaneous photosensitivity- MedGen UID:
- 87601
- •Concept ID:
- C0349506
- •
- Pathologic Function
An increased sensitivity of the skin to light. Photosensitivity may result in a rash upon exposure to the sun (which is known as photodermatosis). Photosensitivity can be diagnosed by phototests in which light is shone on small areas of skin.
Abnormality of skin pigmentation- MedGen UID:
- 224697
- •Concept ID:
- C1260926
- •
- Finding
An abnormality of the pigmentation of the skin.
Prematurely aged appearance- MedGen UID:
- 346633
- •Concept ID:
- C1857656
- •
- Finding
Progeroid facial appearance- MedGen UID:
- 341830
- •Concept ID:
- C1857710
- •
- Finding
A degree of wrinkling of the facial skin that is more than expected for the age of the individual, leading to a prematurely aged appearance.
Sparse hair- MedGen UID:
- 1790211
- •Concept ID:
- C5551005
- •
- Finding
Reduced density of hairs.
Hypogonadism- MedGen UID:
- 5711
- •Concept ID:
- C0020619
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased functionality of the gonad.
Hypermetropia- MedGen UID:
- 43780
- •Concept ID:
- C0020490
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry.
Nystagmus- MedGen UID:
- 45166
- •Concept ID:
- C0028738
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Optic atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 18180
- •Concept ID:
- C0029124
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.
Strabismus- MedGen UID:
- 21337
- •Concept ID:
- C0038379
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Cataract- MedGen UID:
- 39462
- •Concept ID:
- C0086543
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.
Decreased lacrimation- MedGen UID:
- 116004
- •Concept ID:
- C0235857
- •
- Finding
Abnormally decreased lacrimation, that is, reduced ability to produce tears.
Deeply set eye- MedGen UID:
- 473112
- •Concept ID:
- C0423224
- •
- Finding
An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.
Opacification of the corneal stroma- MedGen UID:
- 602191
- •Concept ID:
- C0423250
- •
- Finding
Reduced transparency of the stroma of cornea.
Retinal atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 101075
- •Concept ID:
- C0521694
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Well-demarcated area(s) of partial or complete depigmentation in the fundus, reflecting atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium with associated retinal photoreceptor loss.
Retinal pigment epithelial mottling- MedGen UID:
- 347513
- •Concept ID:
- C1857644
- •
- Finding
Mottling (spots or blotches with different shades) of the retinal pigment epithelium, i.e., localized or generalized fundal pigment granularity associated with processes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Pigmentary retinopathy- MedGen UID:
- 1643295
- •Concept ID:
- C4551715
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of the retina characterized by pigment deposition. It is typically associated with migration and proliferation of macrophages or retinal pigment epithelial cells into the retina; melanin from these cells causes the pigmentary changes. Pigmentary retinopathy is a common final pathway of many retinal conditions and is often associated with visual loss.
Increased cellular sensitivity to UV light- MedGen UID:
- 346648
- •Concept ID:
- C1857707
- •
- Finding
- Abnormal cellular phenotype
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the endocrine system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the immune system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Ear malformation
- Growth abnormality