U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Tumor Initiation

MedGen UID:
154615
•Concept ID:
C0598935
•
Neoplastic Process

Definition

The first stage of tumor induction by a carcinogen, consisting of subtle alteration of cells by exposure to a carcinogenic agent so that they are likely to form a tumor upon subsequent exposure to a promoting agent. (NCI) [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTumor Initiation

Professional guidelines

PubMed

5‑Fluorouracil and capecitabine therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer (Review).
Alzahrani SM, Al Doghaither HA, Al-Ghafari AB, Pushparaj PN
Oncol Rep 2023 Oct;50(4) Epub 2023 Aug 18 doi: 10.3892/or.2023.8612. PMID: 37594133
Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer.
Yu L, Wei J, Liu P
Semin Cancer Biol 2022 Oct;85:69-94. Epub 2021 Jun 25 doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019. PMID: 34175443
Glutathione metabolism in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
Bansal A, Simon MC
J Cell Biol 2018 Jul 2;217(7):2291-2298. Epub 2018 Jun 18 doi: 10.1083/jcb.201804161. PMID: 29915025Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Impact of risk factors on early cancer evolution.
Weeden CE, Hill W, Lim EL, Grönroos E, Swanton C
Cell 2023 Apr 13;186(8):1541-1563. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.013. PMID: 37059064
Preneoplastic stromal cells promote BRCA1-mediated breast tumorigenesis.
Nee K, Ma D, Nguyen QH, Pein M, Pervolarakis N, Insua-Rodríguez J, Gong Y, Hernandez G, Alshetaiwi H, Williams J, Rauf M, Dave KR, Boyapati K, Hasnain A, Calderon C, Markaryan A, Edwards R, Lin E, Parajuli R, Zhou P, Nie Q, Shalabi S, LaBarge MA, Kessenbrock K
Nat Genet 2023 Apr;55(4):595-606. Epub 2023 Mar 13 doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01298-x. PMID: 36914836Free PMC Article
Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies.
Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U
Front Immunol 2020;11:1280. Epub 2020 Aug 7 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280. PMID: 32849491Free PMC Article
Obesity and Cancer Mechanisms: Cancer Metabolism.
Hopkins BD, Goncalves MD, Cantley LC
J Clin Oncol 2016 Dec 10;34(35):4277-4283. Epub 2016 Nov 7 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.67.9712. PMID: 27903152Free PMC Article
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to lung cancer.
Moorthy B, Chu C, Carlin DJ
Toxicol Sci 2015 May;145(1):5-15. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv040. PMID: 25911656Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer.
Decourtye-Espiard L, Guilford P
Gastroenterology 2023 Apr;164(5):719-735. Epub 2023 Feb 4 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.038. PMID: 36740198
Immunometabolic rewiring in tumorigenesis and anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Lian X, Yang K, Li R, Li M, Zuo J, Zheng B, Wang W, Wang P, Zhou S
Mol Cancer 2022 Jan 21;21(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12943-021-01486-5. PMID: 35062950Free PMC Article
LncRNA-mediated posttranslational modifications and reprogramming of energy metabolism in cancer.
Tan YT, Lin JF, Li T, Li JJ, Xu RH, Ju HQ
Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021 Feb;41(2):109-120. Epub 2020 Oct 29 doi: 10.1002/cac2.12108. PMID: 33119215Free PMC Article
Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies.
Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U
Front Immunol 2020;11:1280. Epub 2020 Aug 7 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280. PMID: 32849491Free PMC Article
An In Vivo Kras Allelic Series Reveals Distinct Phenotypes of Common Oncogenic Variants.
Zafra MP, Parsons MJ, Kim J, Alonso-Curbelo D, Goswami S, Schatoff EM, Han T, Katti A, Fernandez MTC, Wilkinson JE, Piskounova E, Dow LE
Cancer Discov 2020 Nov;10(11):1654-1671. Epub 2020 Aug 12 doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0442. PMID: 32792368Free PMC Article

Therapy

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response.
Wang DR, Wu XL, Sun YL
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 Sep 19;7(1):331. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01136-2. PMID: 36123348Free PMC Article
Therapeutic targeting of "undruggable" MYC.
Llombart V, Mansour MR
EBioMedicine 2022 Jan;75:103756. Epub 2021 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103756. PMID: 34942444Free PMC Article
Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR
Life Sci 2021 Jul 15;277:119504. Epub 2021 Apr 16 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504. PMID: 33872660
Tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer.
Xiao Y, Yu D
Pharmacol Ther 2021 May;221:107753. Epub 2020 Nov 28 doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107753. PMID: 33259885Free PMC Article
The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing.
Jin MZ, Jin WL
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020 Aug 25;5(1):166. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00280-x. PMID: 32843638Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages.
Qin R, Ren W, Ya G, Wang B, He J, Ren S, Jiang L, Zhao S
Clin Exp Med 2023 Sep;23(5):1359-1373. Epub 2022 Sep 29 doi: 10.1007/s10238-022-00888-z. PMID: 36173487Free PMC Article
The effect of the intratumoral microbiome on tumor occurrence, progression, prognosis and treatment.
Gao F, Yu B, Rao B, Sun Y, Yu J, Wang D, Cui G, Ren Z
Front Immunol 2022;13:1051987. Epub 2022 Nov 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051987. PMID: 36466871Free PMC Article
Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies.
Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U
Front Immunol 2020;11:1280. Epub 2020 Aug 7 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280. PMID: 32849491Free PMC Article
Obesity and Cancer Mechanisms: Cancer Metabolism.
Hopkins BD, Goncalves MD, Cantley LC
J Clin Oncol 2016 Dec 10;34(35):4277-4283. Epub 2016 Nov 7 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.67.9712. PMID: 27903152Free PMC Article
Molecular Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer.
Grant TJ, Hua K, Singh A
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2016;144:241-275. Epub 2016 Oct 15 doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.008. PMID: 27865459Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and chipset data unravels PANoptosis-related genes in sepsis.
Dai W, Zheng P, Wu J, Chen S, Deng M, Tong X, Liu F, Shang X, Qian K
Front Immunol 2023;14:1247131. Epub 2024 Jan 3 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247131. PMID: 38239341Free PMC Article
Development and validation of a new prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional score for predicting outcomes after curative resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter study.
Zhu J, Wang D, Liu C, Huang R, Gao F, Feng X, Lan T, Li H, Wu H
Front Immunol 2023;14:1165510. Epub 2023 Mar 31 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165510. PMID: 37063918Free PMC Article
Thresholds for carcinogens.
Calabrese EJ, Priest ND, Kozumbo WJ
Chem Biol Interact 2021 May 25;341:109464. Epub 2021 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109464. PMID: 33823170
Glioblastoma Model Using Human Cerebral Organoids.
Ogawa J, Pao GM, Shokhirev MN, Verma IM
Cell Rep 2018 Apr 24;23(4):1220-1229. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.105. PMID: 29694897Free PMC Article
Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for effective therapy.
Binnewies M, Roberts EW, Kersten K, Chan V, Fearon DF, Merad M, Coussens LM, Gabrilovich DI, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Hedrick CC, Vonderheide RH, Pittet MJ, Jain RK, Zou W, Howcroft TK, Woodhouse EC, Weinberg RA, Krummel MF
Nat Med 2018 May;24(5):541-550. Epub 2018 Apr 23 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0014-x. PMID: 29686425Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Unveiling the dark side of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in cancers and other human pathology: a systematic review.
Akinyemi AO, Simpson KE, Oyelere SF, Nur M, Ngule CM, Owoyemi BCD, Ayarick VA, Oyelami FF, Obaleye O, Esoe DP, Liu X, Li Z
Mol Med 2023 Aug 21;29(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s10020-023-00706-6. PMID: 37605113Free PMC Article
Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Promoting Factors and Molecular Mechanisms-A Systematic Review.
Lucidi D, Cantaffa C, Miglio M, Spina F, Alicandri Ciufelli M, Marchioni A, Marchioni D
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jan 31;24(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms24032670. PMID: 36768990Free PMC Article
A novel regulator in cancer initiation and progression: long noncoding RNA SHNG9.
Zhao M, Zhang Y, Shen S
Clin Transl Oncol 2023 Jun;25(6):1512-1521. Epub 2022 Dec 31 doi: 10.1007/s12094-022-03060-x. PMID: 36586065
Leptin signaling in breast cancer and its crosstalk with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ.
Dana N, Ferns GA, Nedaeinia R, Haghjooy Javanmard S
Clin Transl Oncol 2023 Mar;25(3):601-610. Epub 2022 Nov 8 doi: 10.1007/s12094-022-02988-4. PMID: 36348225
Anticancer activity of limonene: A systematic review of target signaling pathways.
Araújo-Filho HG, Dos Santos JF, Carvalho MTB, Picot L, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Groult H, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS
Phytother Res 2021 Sep;35(9):4957-4970. Epub 2021 Apr 17 doi: 10.1002/ptr.7125. PMID: 33864293

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...